W126jep: Created page with " "

2021-04-23T14:04:01Z

Created page with "</noinclude> "

W126jep: Created page with " "

2021-04-23T14:00:05Z

Created page with "</noinclude> "

W126jep: Created page with " "

2021-04-23T14:00:02Z

Created page with "</noinclude>  <noinclude>"

New page

{{HonorSubpage}}
<section begin="Body" />
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude></noinclude>


<noinclude></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude></noinclude>


<noinclude></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude></noinclude>


<noinclude></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude></noinclude>

<noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4a}}
<noinclude></noinclude><noinclude></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4b}}
<noinclude></noinclude><noinclude></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4c}}
<noinclude></noinclude><noinclude></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4d}}
<noinclude></noinclude><noinclude></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4e}}
<noinclude></noinclude><noinclude></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4f}}
<noinclude></noinclude><noinclude></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4g}}
<noinclude></noinclude><noinclude></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4h}}
<noinclude></noinclude><noinclude></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4i}}
<noinclude></noinclude><noinclude></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4j}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
The different soil horizons stacked one atop the other makes up the soil profile.
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4k}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
The rock from which mineral soil components was formed.
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4l}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
A pedologist is a scientist who studies soil in its natural environment. Pedology (from Greek: πέδον, pedon, "soil"; and λόγος, logos, "study") is the study of soils in their natural environment. It is one of two main branches of soil science, the other being edaphology which is concerned with influence of soils on living things, particularly plants.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{clear}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>

Soil classification deals with the systematic categorization of soils based on distinguishing characteristics as well as criteria that dictate choices in use.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Soil classification is a dynamic subject, from the structure of the system itself, to the definitions of classes, and finally in the application in the field. Soil classification can be approached from the perspective of soil as a material and soil as a resource.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
For soil resources, experience has shown that a natural system approach to classification, i.e. grouping soils by their intrinsic property (soil morphology), behavior, or genesis, results in classes that can be interpreted for many diverse uses.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Criteria are designed to guide choices in land use and soil management.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>

<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6a}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
Aridisols (or desert soils) are a soil order in USA soil taxonomy. Aridisols (from the Latin aridus, for “dry”) form in an arid or semi-arid climate. Aridisols dominate the deserts and xeric shrublands which occupy about one third of the Earth's land surface. Aridisols have a very low concentration of organic matter. Water deficiency is the major defining characteristic of Aridisols. Also required is sufficient age to exhibit sub-soil weathering and development. Imperfect leaching in Aridisols often results in one or more subsurface soil horizons in which suspended or dissolved minerals have been deposited: silicate clays, sodium, calcium carbonate, gypsum or soluble salts. These subsoil horizons can also be cemented by carbonates, gypsum or silica. Accumulation of salts on the surface can result in salinization.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6b}} 
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
Brown earths are mostly located between 30° and 55° north of the Equator. The largest expanses cover western and central Europe, large areas of western and trans-Uralian Russia, the east coast of America and eastern Asia. Here, areas of brown earth soil types are found particularly in Japan, the Koreas, China, eastern Australia and New Zealand.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
They generally have three horizons: the A, B and C horizon. Horizon A is usually a brownish colour, and over 20 cm in depth. It is composed of mull humus (well decomposed alkaline organic matter) and mineral matter. It is biologically active with many soil organisms and plant roots mixing the mull humus with mineral particles. As a result, the boundary between the A and B horizons can be ill defined in unploughed examples. Horizon B is mostly composed of mineral matter which has been weathered from the parent material, but it often contains inclusions of more organic material carried in by organisms, especially earthworms. It is lighter in colour than the A horizon, and is often weakly illuviated (leached). Due to limited leaching only the more soluble bases are moved down through the profile. Horizon C is made up of the parent material, which is generally permeable and non- or slightly acidic, for example clay loam.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}} 
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
Oxisols are an order in USDA soil taxonomy, best known for their occurrence in tropical rain forest, 15-25 degrees north and south of the Equator. Some oxisols have been previously classified as laterite soils.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The main processes of soil formation of oxisols are weathering, humification and pedoturbation due to animals. These processes produce the characteristic soil profile. They are defined as soils containing at all depths no more than 10 percent weatherable minerals, and low cation exchange capacity. Oxisols are always a red or yellowish color, due to the high concentration of iron(III) and aluminium oxides and hydroxides. In addition they also contain quartz and kaolin, plus small amounts of other clay minerals and organic matter.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The word "oxisol" comes from "oxide" in reference to the dominance of oxide minerals such as bauxite. In the FAO soil classification, oxisols are known as ferralsols.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Scientists originally thought that the heavy vegetation of tropical rain forests would provide rich nutrients, but as rainfall passes through the litter on the forest floor the rain is acidified and leaches minerals from the above soil layers. This forces plants to get their nutrition from decaying litter as oxisols are quite infertile due to the lack of organic matter and the almost complete absence of soluble minerals leached by the wet and humid climate.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>

Find a place where you have permission to dig a 2-foot deep hole. In the United States, '''call before you dig'''. Digger's Hotline, One-call or Miss Utility are services that allow construction workers to contact utility companies, who will then denote where underground utilities are located via color-coding those locations. As required by law and assigned by the FCC, the 8-1-1 telephone number will soon be used for this purpose across the United States.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Failure to call such a number ahead of time may result in a fine or even a charge against the person or company, particularly if such negligence causes a major utility outage or serious accident, or an evacuation due to a gas leak. Hitting a water main may also trigger a boil-water advisory and local flooding.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A few utilities are permanently marked with short posts or bollards, mainly for lines carrying petroleum products.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Once you have clearance, get your shovel and start the hole. If you are lucky, perhaps someone you know is already digging a hole, and if so, ask permission to come in and make your observations. People dig holes for all kinds of reasons: footers for building a deck, trenches for laying pipe or cable, foundation for a new building, or to add to an existing one. But if no one you know is digging a hole, you may have to get out the shovel yourself.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
You can label the required features with craft sticks and a pen. Simply write a label on the craft stick with the pen, and insert it into the soil near the feature you wish to label. Alternatively, you could take a photograph of the vertical section and then import it into a word processor. Then add the labels to the photo digitally.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>

Listed below are a few types of soil you might collect. For a more complete listing of soil types, see the [[w:Category:Types of soil|Types of soil]] category in Wikipedia.
===Sandy soil===
Sandy soil consists of relatively large particles (sand). It has a gritty texture. Sandy soil, if mixed well with organic matter, is a good medium for growing plants as long as it is kept moist. Because the particles are so large, water and air easily penetrate the soil and reach the roots of plants. However, this same quality allows the water to drain away almost immediately (which is why it must be kept moist if used for agriculture).
===Silty soil===
Silty soil is like sandy soil except that it contains finer particles and more nutrients. It has a darker color as well. Silty soil is one of the best soils for agriculture because like sandy soil, it allows water and air to penetrate to the roots, but unlike sandy soil, it hold the water longer.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===Clay soil===
Clay soil is made of very fine particles. While it is replete with minerals, plants may have a difficult time extracting them because clay is so impermeable. Wet clay will clump together when wadded into a ball in the palm of the hand.
===Loamy Soil===
Loamy soil is a mixture of sand, silt, and some clay. It is considered the ideal soil for agriculture, as it has good drainage and plenty of plant nutrients.
===Peaty Soil===
Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation matter. Peat forms in wetlands or peatlands, variously called bogs, moors, muskegs, pocosins, mires, and peat swamp forests.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Peat forms when plant material, usually in marshy areas, is inhibited from decaying fully by acidic and anaerobic conditions. It is composed mainly of marshland vegetation: trees, grasses, fungi, as well as other types of organic remains, such as insects, and animal corpses.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Peat is soft and easily compressed. Under pressure, water in the peat is forced out. Upon drying, peat can be used as a fuel. Peat is also dug into soil to increase the soil's capacity to retain moisture and add nutrients. This makes it important agriculturally, for farmers and gardeners.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===Chalky Soil===
Chalky soil is highly alkaline. It is composed primarily of the mineral calcite. Because chalk is porous it can hold a large volume of ground water, providing a natural reservoir that releases water slowly through dry seasons.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
==References==
* http://soils.usda.gov/
* http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/AGRICULT/AGL/agll/wrb/newkey.stm#DURISOLS
*Bloom, Arthur L. (1978). Geomorphology: A Systematic Approach of Late Cenozoic Landforms. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. ISBN 0-13-353086-8
*Press, Frank and Raymond Siever. (1978). Earth.W.H. Freeman & Company. San Francisco. ISBN 0-7167-0289-4.
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Do at home|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseHonorPage}}

@@ Line 119: / Line 119: @@
 {{CloseReq}} <!-- 7 -->
 {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
-<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+<noinclude></noinclude>
-</noinclude>
+<!-- 8. Dibujar, fotografiar o recopilar y etiquetar correctamente los cinco diferentes tipos de suelo. -->
 {{clear}}

@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 {{CloseReq}} <!-- 4i -->
 {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4j}}
-<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+<noinclude></noinclude><noinclude></noinclude>
 {{CloseReq}} <!-- 4j -->
 {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4k}}

AY Honors/Soils/Answer Key/es - Revision history

W126jep: Created page with " "

W126jep: Created page with " "

W126jep: Created page with " "