AY Honors/Lighthouses - Advanced/Answer Key/es - Revision history

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[[Image:Augustin Fresnel.jpg|thumb|Augustin-Jean Fresnel]]
3a) <u>Name of the gentleman that invented it</u>: '''[[W:Augustin-Jean_Fresnel|<u>Augustin-Jean Fresnel</u>]]''' (pronounced fray-NELL) is most often given credit for the development of this lens for use in lighthouses.
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* http://science.howstuffworks.com/question244.htm (External link on how a Fresnel Lens works)
* http://www.lanternroom.com/misc/freslens.htm (Look at figure #3 for how the prisms/bull's eye reflect light)
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You can get a nice diagram/chart at the [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/displayPhoto.pl?path=/pnp/habshaer/ri/ri0300/ri0392/sheet&topImages=00008a.gif&topLinks=00008r.tif,00008a.tif Library of Congress].
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Here's a listing of the classical Fresnel Lenses in the United States: http://uslhs.org/resources_lighthouse_lenses_4.php
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In early years and the lenses were rotated by a weight driven clockwork assembly wound by lighthouse keepers (sometimes as often as every two hours). The lens assembly usually floated in mercury to reduce friction. In more modern lighthouses, electric lights and motor drives were used, generally powered by diesel electric generators. These also supplied electricity for the lighthouse keepers.
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===Daymark===
Lighthouses have distinguishing daymarks. No two lighthouses are exactly alike. This way, ships and sailors can determine their location. For example, if you see a red lantern and black and white spiral stripes, you will know that you are off the coast of [[w:St._Augustine_Light|St. Augustine]].
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Image:Alcatraz11.JPEG|'''Alcatraz Island Lighthouse''' <br>Natural color with black lantern with Octagonal/Pyramidal tower.
Image:Point Loma Lighthouse.jpg|'''Point Loma Light''' <br>Square Pyramidal (skeletal).
Image:14footbk.jpg|'''Fourteen Foot Bank Light''' <br>Cast Iron (Square)
Image:Alligator-reef-lh.JPG|'''Alligator Reef Light''' <br>White octagonal pyramid on black skeleton tower.
Image:St. Augustine Lighthouse 1.jpg|'''St. Augustine Light''' <br>Conical tower, red lantern and black and white spiral stripes
Image:Thomaspointshoals.PNG|'''Thomas Point Shoal Light''' <br>Square on hexagonal house, White with Red Roof and Black Lantern.
Image:Holland Harbor Lighthouse.jpg|'''Holland Harbor Light''' <br>Wood, Square, Red.
Image:Cape hatteras lighthouse img 0529.jpg|'''Cape Hatteras Light''' <br>Conical, white and black spiral bands with red brick base.
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===Nightmark===
In similar fashion, the signature or pattern of light at night is the ''nightmark''. By viewing this distinctive signature, sailors can tell their location even in the dark.
* '''Pigeon Point Light Station''': Flashing white 10s
* '''Point Bonita Lighthouse''': [[w:Occulting|Occulting]] white once every 4s
* '''Ponce de Leon Inlet Light''': fixed light (original)
* '''Cape Hatteras Light''': Short flash every 7.5 seconds
* '''Au Sable Light''': Flashing white every 6 s
* '''Fort Washington Light''': flashing red
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[[Image:Ambrose Lightship.jpg|thumb|Ambrose Lightship]]
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A lightship is a <u>light</u>house on a <u>ship</u>. It allows a lighthouse to be put where a lighthouse ''cannot be built''. For example, a lightship may be moored over treacherous reefs, or marking the narrow approaches to a channel. Also, at harbor entrance(s) where lighthouses can not be built or placed in areas too far offshore for a land-based lighthouse's lens to reach.
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Here's a link for more information:
http://www.nps.gov/history/maritime/ltshipmain.htm
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A lighthouse keeper is the person responsible for tending and caring for a lighthouse, particularly the light and lens in the days when oil lamps and clockwork mechanisms where used. Keepers were needed to trim the wicks, replenish fuel, wind clockworks and perform maintenance tasks such as cleaning lenses and windows.
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Many lighthouse keepers lived in isolated locations. The isolation could cause mental health issues. In a medical emergency they could be far from help. They had to climb towers and could fall. They also served as first responders to shipwrecks in storms which could be dangerous. Traveling over the ocean to and from work also had its hazards.
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Here's a link to a quote: http://www.whiteestate.org/issues/Drama.html. See pages 6, 17, 18.
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Whiteestate.org has a searchable database of Ellen White's writings. Type in lighthouse and see what you find.
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* [http://uslhs.org/passports.php Lighthouse Passports]
* [http://www.lighthousepassportclub.org/Passport_Club/Welcome.html Participating Lighthouses]
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''Have Fun! You should have no problems finding a kit to build on the Internet.''
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==References==
* [http://www.nps.gov/history/maritime/lt_index.htm Lighthouses at National Parks Service]
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