AY Honors/Laundering/Answer Key/es - Revision history

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W126jep: Created page with "Especialidades JA/Arte de lavado/Respuestas"

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{{honor_desc
|stage=100
|honorname=Arte de lavado
|skill=1
|year=1928
|category=Artes domésticas
|authority=Asociación General
|insignia=Laundering_Honor.png
}}

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The labels often include the manufacturer's recommended washing instructions as well as the types of material the garment is made from. Instructions often include:
*Wash temperature
*Rinse temperature
*Ironing temperature, and sometimes ironing method (such as "on the reverse side," or "through a cloth").
*If the article is only suited for dry cleaning
*Drying method (tumble dry, drip dry, lay flat, etc.)

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Remove all items from all pockets, zip up any zippers, fasten snaps and cover Velcro. Also tie any strings back so they won't get tangled in the agitator or with other garments. Remove any pins, your name tag, and the "scribe" or "captain" tag from your Pathfinder uniform before washing it. Brush off any caked-on dirt. Turn permanent press and garments with silk screened patterns (such as your field uniform) inside-out. This will help the permanent press items from gathering lint, and it will protect the silk screening from wear.

Place small items (such as a toddler's socks) and hosiery in a mesh bag before putting them in the washing machine. This will prevent small items from being flushed out with the rinse water, and it will help prevent runs in hosiery.

Separate your laundry into like items:
* Whites from colors
* Color-fast from colors that may run
* Durables from delicates
* Very dirty from lightly soiled
* Lint givers (towels, sheets, flannels) from lint takers (corduroy, permanent press)

Wash these types separately, because each of the types of loads listed above need different settings on the washing machine. Finally, pretreat any stains with a stain remover.

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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5"
|-
!style="background:#ff8080"|'''HOT'''
!style="background:#ffff80"|'''WARM'''
!style="background:#8080ff"|'''COLD'''
|-
!style="background:#ff8080"|Permanent Press
!style="background:#ffff80"|Permanent Press
!style="background:#8080ff"|Bright Colors
|-
!style="background:#ff8080"|Whites
!style="background:#ffff80"|Whites
!style="background:#8080ff"|Dark Colors
|-
!style="background:#ff8080"|Very dirty clothing
!style="background:#ffff80"|Delicates
!style="background:#8080ff"|Delicates/Knits
|}

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'''Precautions:''' Bleach is a powerful chemical. It can burn your skin, and it can dissolve cloth. Do not get it on your skin; if you get it on your skin, wash it off right away. If you spill it on your clothing, rinse immediately. If too much bleach is used on cloth, the cloth will disintegrate. Bleach will remove dye, so it must not be used on anything other than white cloth.

'''Powdered Oxygen Bleach:''' The greatest advantage offered by powdered oxygen bleach is that it removes stains without the use of toxic chemicals. For some stains, it works even better than chlorine bleach. It brightens fabrics and can be used on upholstery and carpet. It is non-toxic to humans and animals, and it breaks down into environmentally friendly components when the oxygen is released (the release of oxygen is what removes stains).

'''Mixing Bleach and Ammonia:''' Bleach and ammonia should '''NEVER''' be mixed because doing so causes a chemical reaction that releases poisonous gases. The primary gas released is chlorine gas which was used as a chemical warfare agent during World War I. Chlorine gas is ''highly'' toxic. Other gases that can be released include nitrogen trichloride (which can explode in your face), and hydrazine (a component of rocket fuel).

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Liquid fabric softeners leave an invisible residue on the garments which prevents static cling, softens the fabric, and imparts a light fragrance. It should only be used in the rinse cycle when no soap is present in the water, because it will react with soap and leaving a sticky, visible residue which resembles lint. If your washing machine has a fabric softener dispenser use it and the fabric softener will be added at the right time in the cycle. Otherwise, you must add it yourself at the beginning of the rinse cycle. Be careful to not pour it directly on clothing, but rather into the water.

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The primary concern when selecting a washing machine or a dryer is financial. Remember that the initial cost of the appliance is only a ''part'' of its operating cost though. Buying an energy efficient appliance - even if it is more expensive - can save you a lot of money in the long run.

Another factor to consider is the amount of laundry you intend to do with the appliances. If you are going to do laundry for a family of six, you will need a larger machine than if you are going to do laundry for a family of two.

When selecting an iron, look for features that enhance safety. Many irons today will shut themselves off automatically if left idling for too long.

Wipe down your appliances regularly, and use appliance touch-up paint to repair any chips in the finish. An untreated chip will lead to rust which can destroy your appliance. Also be sure to clean out the lint trap of your dryer between every load, and clean the exhaust duct regularly. Lint build-up in the exhaust duct is a fire hazard.

Do not iron over silkscreen designs, as this will melt the paint on the garment and stick to the iron. This residue is extremely difficult to remove from an iron, and if left there, will transfer to any other garments you use it on.

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Soak the garment in cold water for about 15 minutes. You can use shampoo instead of detergent, or you can use detergent specially formulated for wool. You can then change the water and soak the garment in clean water for another 15 minutes, or you can put it in a washing machine. If you decide to put it in a washing machine, make sure to select a setting that will ''not'' agitate the load. Also, be sure to use cold water.

Do ''not'' wring the wool out, and do not hang it up to dry. You can roll it in a dry towel, or just lay it flat to dry, but be careful not to stretch the fabric while it is wet, or it may become misshapen.

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*'''Ink:''' Place a paper towel under the stain and then spray the stain with hairspray. Hairspray breaks up many type of ink, and you will want the paper towel there to catch the ink and not allow it to stain another part of the garment. Hairspray may discolor the fabric though, so test in an inconspicuous place first.

*'''Fruit:''' Try to remove the stain before it dries by rinsing it in cold water. Otherwise, soak white garments in a chlorinated bleach solution. For colored garments, treat with sodium percarbonate or a warm borax solution.

*'''Rust:''' Sprinkle the stain with salt and rub it in. Then wet it with lemon juice and place it in the sun. Keep the stain moistened with lemon juice until the stain disappears.

*'''Grass:''' If the garment is white, you may soak it in a solution of chlorinated bleach, then rinse and launder. Otherwise, apply methylate alcohol (wood alcohol) to the stain, rinse in warm water, and then wash.

*'''Fruit (grape):''' Blot the stain first to remove any juice that's still there. Then lightly dab the stain with cold water.

*'''Grease:''' Scrape away as much of the grease as you can. Rub petroleum jelly into the stain, and then wash with a laundry powder or liquid detergent. You can also try a spot removing product.

*'''Blood:''' If the blood is fresh, wipe it up with a sponge soaked in cool, salted water. Then rinse with clear water. If the blood is dried, use diluted hydrogen peroxide (one part peroxide, nine parts water).

*'''Chewing gum:''' Scrape off as much as possible first. This is easier if you cool the gum down with ice cubes first, as that makes the gum brittle rather than gummy. If the item is washable, apply a little kerosene or dry cleaning fluid and rinse it off. You may have to repeat this several times.

*'''Crayons:''' Place the stained item in the freezer and leave it there until the crayon freezes. You can then literally break the crayon stain out of the garment. If there is any residue left after this, place the item on a paper towel or a blotter. Then place a second paper towel (or blotter) on top of the item. Apply a warm iron. This will melt the crayon, and the paper towels should soak up the stain. Change the paper towels as often as is necessary.

;Why stains must be removed: Putting a stained garment in a dryer will set the stain, making it even more difficult to remove. ''Always'' remove stains before laundering.

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When a garment is still hot from the dryer, hanging it immediately will prevent it from getting wrinkled. If you forget to remove the garments from the dryer and wrinkles set, try throwing a damp washcloth into the dryer with the clothing and run the dryer for a few minutes. This ''may'' reduce the wrinkling.

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Some items should not be dried in a dryer at all. Particularly, any item containing foam rubber should not be placed in a dryer except on a no-heat setting, as it can easily burst into flame.

Wool should be dried with a towel or just air dried. See Requirement 7

Knits and delicates (such as silk and nylon) should only be dried on the lowest heat settings.

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The most obvious garment to show is your class A uniform. This requirement can be met before a club inspection or on a campout (assuming the uniform has been washed by the Pathfinder ahead of time).

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The regular launderer in your family will thank you for this. Make sure you tell that person "You're welcome!"

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==References==
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/classic/A795611 BBC, Dangers of Mixing Bleach and Chlorine]
* [http://www.laundry-alternative.com/Oxygen_bleach_research.html Oxygen Bleach Research]
* [http://www.chemistry.co.nz/stain_frame.htm Stain Removal Guide (from New Zealand)]
* [http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/library/cltxt2/samplers/mf1014.asp Kansas State Research and Extension]
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
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 <!--  2. ¿Cuál es la forma correcta de preparar la ropa para lavarla? -->
 Quite todas las cosas de todos los bolsillos, suba todas las cremalleras, abroche botones y cubra el velcro. También amarre cualquier cuerda para que no se enrede en el agitador o con otras prendas. Quite todos los pernos, su place con su nombre y la placa de «escribano» o «capitán» de su uniforme de Conquistador antes de lavarlo. Cepille cualquier suciedad. Ponga ropa resistene a las arrugas y prendas con patrones de seda proyectado (como su uniforme clase B) al revés. Esto ayudará en contra de la recopilación de pelusa y protegerá la serigrafía del desgaste.
 Coloque objetos pequeños (como los calcetines de un niño) y calcetería en una bolsa de malla antes de ponerlos en la lavadora. Esto evitará que los artículos pequeños sean purgados con el agua de enjuague y ayudará a prevenir rasgos en las medias.
@@ Line 90: / Line 77: @@
 La preocupación principal sobre la selección de una lavadora o una secadora es financiera. Recuerde que el costo inicial del electrodoméstico es sólo una ''parte'' de su costo operativo. La compra de un electrodoméstico eficiente en energía - aunque sea más caro - puede ahorrar un montón de dinero a largo plazo.
 Otro factor para considerar es la cantidad de ropa que piensa lavar con los electrodomésticos. Si va a lavar la ropa para una familia de seis, necesitará una máquina más grande que si se va a lavar la ropa para una familia de dos.
 Al seleccionar una plancha, busque las características que mejoran la seguridad. Muchas planchas hoy se apagan automáticamente si no se usa durante mucho tiempo.
 Limpie sus electrodomésticos con regularidad y use pinturan de retoque para electrodomésticos para reparar cualquier grietas en el acabado. Una grieta sin tratamiento dará lugar a la oxidación que puede destruir el electrodoméstico. También asegúrese de limpiar el filtro de pelusas de su secadora entre cada carga y limpiar el conducto de escape con regularidad. La acumulación de pelusa en el conducto de escape es un peligro de incendio.
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 *'''Tinta:''' Coloque una toalla de papel debajo de la mancha y luego rocíe la mancha con laca para el cabello. La laca para el cabello desuelve muchas clases de tinta y querrá la toalla de papel allí para coger la tinta y no permitir que se manche la otra parte de la prenda. La laca de cabello puede manchar la tela, así que pruébela primero en un lugar poco visible.
 *'''Frutas:''' Trate de eliminar la mancha antes de que se seque por medio de lavarla en agua fría. Si no se puede, remoje las prendas blancas en una solución de lejía clorada. Para las prendas de color, el tratamiento debe ser con percarbonato de sodio o una solución de bórax caliente.
 *'''El óxido:''' Salpique la mancha con sal y frótela. Luego, moje con jugo de limón y colóquelo en el sol. Mantenga la mancha humedecida con jugo de limón hasta que la mancha se desaparezca.
 *'''Hierba:''' Si la prenda es de color blanco, puede sumergirse en una solución de blanqueador de cloro y luego enjuagar y lavar. De lo contrario, aplique alcohol metilato (alcohol de madera) a la mancha, enjuague con agua tibia y luego lávela.
 *'''El jugo de uva:''' Seque la mancha primero para eliminar cualquier jugo que siga allí. Luego aplique con toques suaves a la mancha con agua fría.
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-<!--  10. Know what type of materials should be dried only on the lowest heat setting of a dryer.  -->
+<!-- 10. Saber qué tipo de materiales deben secarse sólo en el nivel más bajo de la secadora. -->
-Some items should not be dried in a dryer at all.  Particularly, any item containing foam rubber should not be placed in a dryer except on a no-heat setting, as it can easily burst into flame.
+Algunos artículos no deben secarse en una secadora para nada. En particular, cualquier artículo que contiene goma espuma no debe ponerse en la secadora, excepto en un ajuste sin calor, ya que puede fácilmente estallarse en llamas.
-Wool should be dried with a towel or just air dried. See Requirement 7
+{{clear}}
-Knits and delicates (such as silk and nylon) should only be dried on the lowest heat settings.
+Los tejidos y las prendas delicadas (como la seda y nailon) sólo deben secarse en la configuración de calor más bajo.
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-<!--  11. Show a blouse or shirt that you have properly ironed.  -->
+<!-- 11. Mostrar una blusa o camisa que usted ha planchado apropiadamente. -->
-The most obvious garment to show is your class A uniform.  This requirement can be met before a club inspection or on a campout (assuming the uniform has been washed by the Pathfinder ahead of time).
+La prenda más obvia para mostrar es su uniforme de clase A. Este requisito puede cumplirse antes de una inspección del club o en un campamento (suponiendo que el uniforme ha sido lavado por la Conquistador antes de tiempo).
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-<!--  12. Properly launder and fold clothes for your family for one week.  -->
+<!-- 12. Lavar y doblar adecuadamente la ropa de toda su familia durante una semana. -->
-The regular launderer in your family will thank you for this.  Make sure you tell that person "You're welcome!"
+El lavador regular en su familia le agradecerá esto. Asegúrese de decirle a esa persona «¡De nada!»
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-==References==
+==Referencias==
-* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/classic/A795611 BBC, Dangers of Mixing Bleach and Chlorine]
+[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/es]]
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 *'''Hierba:''' Si la prenda es de color blanco, puede sumergirse en una solución de blanqueador de cloro y luego enjuagar y lavar. De lo contrario, aplique alcohol metilato (alcohol de madera) a la mancha, enjuague con agua tibia y luego lávela.
-*'''Fruit (grape):'''  Blot the stain first to remove any juice that's still there.  Then lightly dab the stain with cold water.
+*'''El jugo de uva:''' Seque la mancha primero para eliminar cualquier jugo que siga allí. Luego aplique con toques suaves a la mancha con agua fría.
-*'''Grease:'''  Scrape away as much of the grease as you can.  Rub petroleum jelly into the stain, and then wash with a laundry powder or liquid detergent.  You can also try a spot removing product.
+*'''Grasa:''' Raspe la mayor cantidad de grasa posible. Ponga vaselina en la mancha y luego lave con un polvo de lavandería o detergente líquido. También puede probar un producto de quitar manchas.
-*'''Blood:''' If the blood is fresh, wipe it up with a sponge soaked in cool, salted water.  Then rinse with clear water.  If the blood is dried, use diluted hydrogen peroxide (one part peroxide, nine parts water).
+*'''Sangre:''' Si la sangre está fresca, límpielo con una esponja empapada en agua salada y fría. Luego, enjuague con agua limpia. Si se seca la sangre, use peróxido de hidrógeno diluido (una parte de peróxido, nueve partes de agua).
-*'''Chewing gum:''' Scrape off as much as possible first.  This is easier if you cool the gum down with ice cubes first, as that makes the gum brittle rather than gummy.  If the item is washable, apply a little kerosene or dry cleaning fluid and rinse it off.  You may have to repeat this several times.
+*'''Goma de mascar:''' Raspe lo que sea posible primero. Esto es más fácil si se pone cubitos de hielo primero en la goma de mascar porque hace que la goma sea frágil y no pegajosa. Si el artículo es lavable, aplique un poco de queroseno o líquido de limpieza en seco y enjuague. Puede que tenga que repetir esto varias veces.
-*'''Crayons:''' Place the stained item in the freezer and leave it there until the crayon freezes.  You can then literally break the crayon stain out of the garment.  If there is any residue left after this, place the item on a paper towel or a blotter.  Then place a second paper towel (or blotter) on top of the item.  Apply a warm iron.  This will melt the crayon, and the paper towels should soak up the stain.  Change the paper towels as often as is necessary.
+*'''Crayones:''' Coloque el artículo manchado en el congelador y déjelo allí hasta que el crayón se congele. Después, puede romper, literalmente, la mancha de crayón de la prenda. Si hay algún residuo que queda después, ponga el artículo en una toalla de papel o un papel secante. Entonces coloque una segunda toalla de papel (o papel secante) en la parte superior del artículo. Aplique una plancha caliente. Esto derretirá el crayón y las toallas de papel deben absorber la mancha. Cambie las toallas de papel con la frecuencia que sea necesaria.
-;Why stains must be removed: Putting a stained garment in a dryer will set the stain, making it even more difficult to remove.  ''Always'' remove stains before laundering.
+;¿Por qué deben ser eliminadas las manchas antes del lavado?: Poner una prenda manchada en la secadora fijará la mancha, haciéndola aún más difícil de quitar. ''Siempre'' quite las manchas antes de lavar.
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-<!--  9. Why is it important to remove garments from a dryer immediately when the cycle is complete?  -->
+<!-- 9. ¿Por qué es importante sacar las prendas de vestir de la secadora de inmediato cuando el ciclo ha finalizado? -->
-When a garment is still hot from the dryer, hanging it immediately will prevent it from getting wrinkled.  If you forget to remove the garments from the dryer and wrinkles set, try throwing a damp washcloth into the dryer with the clothing and run the dryer for a few minutes.  This ''may'' reduce the wrinkling.
+Cuando una prenda está todavía caliente de la secadora, colgarla de inmediato evitará que se arrugue. Si se olvida de quitar las prendas de la secadora, intente poner una toalla húmeda en la secadora con la ropa y prender el secador por unos minutos. Esto ''puede'' reducir las arrugas.
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-<!--  7. How are woolen and wool like garments laundered?  -->
+<!-- 7. ¿Cómo deben ser lavadas las prendas de vestir hechas de lana o algún material semejante? -->
-Soak the garment in cold water for about 15 minutes.  You can use shampoo instead of detergent, or you can use detergent specially formulated for wool.  You can then change the water and soak the garment in clean water for another 15 minutes, or you can put it in a washing machine.  If you decide to put it in a washing machine, make sure to select a setting that will ''not'' agitate the load.  Also, be sure to use cold water.
+Remoje la prenda en agua fría durante unos 15 minutos. Puede usar el champú en lugar de detergente o puede usar un detergente especialmente formulado para la lana. Entonces puede cambiar el agua y remojar la prenda en agua limpia durante 15 minutos, o se puede poner en la lavadora. Si decide ponerla en la lavadora, asegúrese de seleccionar un ajuste que ''no'' agite la carga. También, asegúrese de usar agua fría.
-Do ''not'' wring the wool out, and do not hang it up to dry.  You can roll it in a dry towel, or just lay it flat to dry, but be careful not to stretch the fabric while it is wet, or it may become misshapen.
+''No'' escurra la lana y no la cuelgue hasta que se seque. Puede rodarla en una toalla seca o simplemente dejarla que se seque, pero tenga cuidado de no estirar la tela mientras esté húmeda o puede deformarse.
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-<!--  8. Know how to remove the following stains: ink, fruit, rust, grass, cocoa, grease, blood, chewing gum.  Why must stains be removed before laundering?  -->
+<!-- 8. Saber cómo eliminar las siguientes manchas: tinta, fruta, el ódixo, hierba, el jugo de uva, grasa, sangre, goma de mascar, crayones. ¿Por qué deben ser eliminadas las manchas antes del lavado? -->
-*'''Ink:''' Place a paper towel under the stain and then spray the stain with hairspray.  Hairspray breaks up many type of ink, and you will want the paper towel there to catch the ink and not allow it to stain another part of the garment.  Hairspray may discolor the fabric though, so test in an inconspicuous place first.
+*'''Tinta:''' Coloque una toalla de papel debajo de la mancha y luego rocíe la mancha con laca para el cabello. La laca para el cabello desuelve muchas clases de tinta y querrá la toalla de papel allí para coger la tinta y no permitir que se manche la otra parte de la prenda. La laca de cabello puede manchar la tela, así que pruébela primero en un lugar poco visible.
-*'''Fruit:''' Try to remove the stain before it dries by rinsing it in cold water.  Otherwise, soak white garments in a chlorinated bleach solution.  For colored garments, treat with sodium percarbonate or a warm borax solution.
+*'''Frutas:''' Trate de eliminar la mancha antes de que se seque por medio de lavarla en agua fría. Si no se puede, remoje las prendas blancas en una solución de lejía clorada. Para las prendas de color, el tratamiento debe ser con percarbonato de sodio o una solución de bórax caliente.
-*'''Rust:'''  Sprinkle the stain with salt and rub it in.  Then wet it with lemon juice and place it in the sun.  Keep the stain moistened with lemon juice until the stain disappears.
+*'''El óxido:''' Salpique la mancha con sal y frótela. Luego, moje con jugo de limón y colóquelo en el sol. Mantenga la mancha humedecida con jugo de limón hasta que la mancha se desaparezca.
-*'''Grass:''' If the garment is white, you may soak it in a solution of chlorinated bleach, then rinse and launder.  Otherwise, apply methylate alcohol (wood alcohol) to the stain, rinse in warm water, and then wash.
+*'''Hierba:''' Si la prenda es de color blanco, puede sumergirse en una solución de blanqueador de cloro y luego enjuagar y lavar. De lo contrario, aplique alcohol metilato (alcohol de madera) a la mancha, enjuague con agua tibia y luego lávela.
 *'''Fruit (grape):'''  Blot the stain first to remove any juice that's still there.  Then lightly dab the stain with cold water.

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-<!-- 1. Why is it important to read the labels in garments before laundering them?  -->
+<!-- 1. ¿Por qué es importante leer las etiquetas en las prendas antes de lavarlas? -->
-The labels often include the manufacturer's recommended washing instructions as well as the types of material the garment is made from.  Instructions often include:
+Las etiquetas a menudo incluyen instrucciones de lavado recomendadas por el fabricante, así como las clases de materiales de que la prenda está hecha. Instrucciones usualmente incluyen:
-*Wash temperature
+* La temperatura de lavado
-*Rinse temperature
+* La temperatura de enjuague
-*Ironing temperature, and sometimes ironing method (such as "on the reverse side," or "through a cloth").
+* La temperatura de planchado y algunas veces el método de planchar (como por ejemplo «en el reverso» o «a través de un paño»)
-*If the article is only suited for dry cleaning
+* Si el artículo se debe limpiar en seco
-*Drying method (tumble dry, drip dry, lay flat, etc.)
+* El método de secar (secadora, seca por goteo, poner plano, etc.)
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