AY Honors/Bacteria/Answer Key - Revision history

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RABaker96 at 02:41, 28 March 2015

2015-03-28T02:41:14Z

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 '''Cell Wall''': Provides form, structure and protection. There are two different basic structures of cell walls in Bacteria. One is a cell wall made of a relatively thick layer of Peptidoglycan (carbohydrates and proteins). The other has an additional outer layer that includes carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats).
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 Different types of bacteria have different environmental requirements for reproduction, but in general bacteria usually need warm locations with plenty of their particular nutrients readily available.
 Most bacteria reproduce through binary fusion, a form of asexual reproduction. In this process, the bacteria creates a duplicate set of genetic material, the genetic material moves to each end of the bacteria, and the cell then squeezes in half, creating two effectively identical bacteria cells.
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 There are also a few variations of asexual reproduction in different groups of bacteria.
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 Some Cyanobacteria produce Baeocytes, enlarged bacterial cells that have rapid multiple division internally before breaking open and spewing out numerous new bacteria.
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 Certain bacteria may reproduce through budding, a process where a small bud forms on a parent bacteria, genetic material is transferred to the bud, and then it separates.
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 Some bacteria, including some of the Firmicutes bacteria, create two complete daughter cells inside the parent, then the parent breaks open and dies, releasing the two new bacteria cells.
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 Transduction: A bacteriophage (a virus that uses bacteria as a host) may pick up some pieces of genetic material from a previous host and incidentally transfer it into a new bacterial host.
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 Transformation: Bacteria may pick up fragments of genetic material from their environment, usually left by dead bacteria.
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 Bacteria may be Autotrophs (roughly meaning self-food) or Heterotrophs (roughly meaning different-food). Autotrophs are capable of acquiring carbon from inorganic sources (usually in the form of Carbon Dioxide), Heterotrophs must consume some organic materials (sugars, fats, starches, etc) for the uptake of carbon.
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 '''Saprophytes''' (dead-feed) are the bacteria that break down organic matter into simpler molecules. These are the decomposers, as well as many of the beneficial bacteria in the guts of animals (including people). Some are capable of breaking down cellulose or other plant-based materials that human digestive systems cannot.
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 '''Parasitic''' bacteria are those that draw nutrients directly from a host. Rickettsia and Chlamydia, two disease-causing bacteria, must live inside animal cells, and are examples of parasitic bacteria.
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 There are many harmful bacteria, impacting humans, animals and plants. As question 10 discusses illnesses caused by bacteria, more attention can be given in this question to bacteria that are “harmful” in other ways.
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 ''Bacillus anthracis'' (Anthrax) - often found in soil, the spores can lead to death in cattle if ingested.
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 ''Clostridium botulinum'' (Botulism) - A bacteria that produces a neurotoxin as a byproduct of its metabolic process - it is often a cause of food poisoning.
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 ''Nitrosomonas sp.'' (Nitrogen fixers) - As mentioned earlier, some bacteria in the soil or in water are able to break down nitrites and ammonia, converting the nitrogen into forms that can be utilized by plants.
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 Below are some examples. Consider bacterial illnesses that may occur in your area, or in places you may travel to (for missionary service, perhaps).
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 Prevention: In areas where cholera may be prevalent, wash hands thoroughly, avoid fresh fruit or vegetables unless you can peel them yourself, only eat cooked food, do not drink the local water.
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 Prevention: Vaccination (note that tetanus vaccinations need updated relatively frequently compared to many other types of vaccinations) Also, be careful around rusty and dirty objects that can cause puncture wounds or cuts. Wash wounds thoroughly and apply a surface antiseptic. Leave deeper wounds open to drain (seek medical attention as appropriate).
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 '''Tuberculosis''' (''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'') - Transferred through droplets in coughs and sneezes.
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 Prevention: Use caution in areas where tuberculosis is common. Wear face masks, wash hands, do not touch hands to face or mouth, try to avoid enclosed spaces with those that may be infected, work in open, well ventilated areas.
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-If we assume the word “leprosy” in the Bible refers to the modern disease leprosy, then these are all stories about a disease cased by the bacteria ''Mycobacterium leprae''. Among these are the story of the healing of Naaman in 2 kings 5, or examples of Jesus healing lepers, as in Luke 17 and Mark 10.
+If we assume the word “leprosy” in the Bible refers to the modern disease leprosy, then these are all stories about a disease caused by the bacteria ''Mycobacterium leprae''. Among these are the story of the healing of Naaman in {{Bible link|2 Kings 5}}, or examples of Jesus healing lepers, as in {{Bible link|Luke 17}} and {{Bible link|Mark 10}}.
 ==10. Name five illnesses caused by bacteria and some precautions to take to avoid them.== <!--T:11-->

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AY Honors/Bacteria/Answer Key - Revision history

W126jep: Marked this version for translation

W126jep at 03:44, 5 April 2021

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Jomegat bot: Jomegat bot moved page Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Bacteria to AY Honors/Bacteria/Answer Key: Bot: Moved page

W126jep: spelling

W126jep at 19:55, 31 May 2017

W126jep: Marked this version for translation

RABaker96 at 17:53, 20 April 2015

RABaker96 at 02:41, 28 March 2015

Jomegat bot: Bot: Automated import of articles * existing text overwritten *

Jomegat bot: Bot: Automated import of articles * existing text overwritten *