AY Honors/Antelopes - Advanced/Answer Key - Revision history

W126jep at 23:15, 20 September 2021

2021-09-20T23:15:40Z

W126jep at 12:37, 19 September 2021

2021-09-19T12:37:29Z

W126jep at 17:42, 14 September 2021

2021-09-14T17:42:25Z

W126jep at 17:41, 14 September 2021

2021-09-14T17:41:52Z

W126jep at 17:41, 14 September 2021

2021-09-14T17:41:14Z

W126jep at 10:06, 4 April 2021

2021-04-04T10:06:48Z

W126jep: Marked this version for translation

2021-04-04T09:59:25Z

Marked this version for translation

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W126jep at 09:59, 4 April 2021

2021-04-04T09:59:12Z

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W126jep at 09:54, 4 April 2021

2021-04-04T09:54:33Z

Jomegat bot: Bot: Automated import of articles * existing text overwritten *

2021-03-18T22:33:04Z

Bot: Automated import of articles *** existing text overwritten ***

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 <!-- 8. Name at least 20 species of antelope that you have observed and can identify out-of-doors, not more than 5 of which are in captivity. -->
-{{Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Problematic requirement
+{{AY Honors/Problematic requirement
 |This requirement restricts the honor to Pathfinders living in selected parts of Africa, or those that can afford a game safari. This goes against the principle of making honors accessible to all Pathfinders.
 |Name at least 20 species of antelope that you have observed and can identify out-of-doors, in a zoo or on video without referring to signs or labels.

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+{{:AY Honors/Zoo Visit}}
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-<!-- 1. Have the Antilopes Honor. -->
+<!-- 1. Have the Antelopes honor. -->
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-<!-- 4. What is the function of musk glands in the antelopes? Where are these glands situated on the gregarious types? On the solitary types? -->
+<!-- 5. What is the function of musk glands in the antelopes? Where are these glands situated on the gregarious types? On the solitary types? -->
 Musk glands secrete a substance with a penetrating odor called (what else?) ''musk''. The purpose of musk is to attract a mate. On the gregarious types of anteloope, the musk glands are located on the face beneath the eyes. On the solitary types, it is within a sac located between the genitals and the umbilicus (belly button).
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-<!-- 5. Which species could you expect to find in: -->
+<!-- 6. Which species could you expect to find in: -->
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 !style="background:#d0d080"|Bovidae
 |}
 The '''artiodactyla''' are the even-toed ungulates (that is, animals with hooves and an even number of toes).
 <!--T:4-->
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 | num_genera = 1
 | num_species = 1
-| characteristics =They are reddish-brown in color with lighter flanks, have white underbellies and a characteristic "M" marking on its rear.  They can adapt to different environment by being grazers in some areas and browsers in others. They graze when the grass is green and growing and browse at other times. They will browse on formcsgaybs, shoots, seedpods and foliage.
+| characteristics =They are reddish-brown in color with lighter flanks, have white underbellies and a characteristic "M" marking on its rear. They can adapt to different environment by being grazers in some areas and browsers in others. They graze when the grass is green and growing and browse at other times. They will browse on formcsgaybs, shoots, seedpods and foliage.
 }}
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 | num_genera = 4
 | num_species = 7
-| characteristics = These diurnal antelopes inhabit the plains and open woodlands of Africa, especially the Serengeti.  The seasonal nature of the African grasslands forces wildebeest to make annual migrations. The main migration is in May, when around 1.5 million animals move from the plains to the woods; they return in November as summer rains water the plains.
+| characteristics = These diurnal antelopes inhabit the plains and open woodlands of Africa, especially the Serengeti. The seasonal nature of the African grasslands forces wildebeest to make annual migrations. The main migration is in May, when around 1.5 million animals move from the plains to the woods; they return in November as summer rains water the plains.
 }}
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 <!-- 3. Which large antelope differs from most of the others in appearance? What are some of its peculiar habits? -->
 [[Image:Gnou Thoiry 19803.jpg|thumb|450px|The ''wildebeest'', also known as the ''gnu''.]]
-The wildebeest is the most unique looking antelope.  It has a beefy muscular front-heavy appearance with a distinctive robust muzzle, it strides with relatively slender legs and moves gracefully and quietly most of the time, belying the reputation for stampeding in herds; however the stampeding characteristic may sometimes be observed.  Probably the most conspicuous feature of the Blue Wildebeest are the large horns shaped like parentheses, extending outward to the side and then curving up and inward.  The manes appear long, stiff, thick and jet black, a color assumed by the tail and face as well.
+The wildebeest is the most unique looking antelope. It has a beefy muscular front-heavy appearance with a distinctive robust muzzle, it strides with relatively slender legs and moves gracefully and quietly most of the time, belying the reputation for stampeding in herds; however the stampeding characteristic may sometimes be observed. Probably the most conspicuous feature of the Blue Wildebeest are the large horns shaped like parentheses, extending outward to the side and then curving up and inward. The manes appear long, stiff, thick and jet black, a color assumed by the tail and face as well.
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 <!-- 4. What is the function of musk glands in the antelopes? Where are these glands situated on the gregarious types? On the solitary types? -->
-Musk glands secrete a substance with a penetrating odor called (what else?) ''musk''.  The purpose of musk is to attract a mate.  On the gregarious types of anteloope, the musk glands are located on the face beneath the eyes.  On the solitary types, it is within a sac located between the genitals and the umbilicus (belly button).
+Musk glands secrete a substance with a penetrating odor called (what else?) ''musk''. The purpose of musk is to attract a mate. On the gregarious types of anteloope, the musk glands are located on the face beneath the eyes. On the solitary types, it is within a sac located between the genitals and the umbilicus (belly button).
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 <!-- 6. Describe the horns, in both sexes of each species, of 15 different antelopes. What is the structure of these horns? Are there any deer in South Africa? What is the structure of their horns? -->
 <gallery caption="Antelope Horns" numcol="3">
-Image:Oryx Gazella Namibia horns.JPG|'''Oryx:''' Narrow, and straight except in the scimitar oryx, where they curve backwards like a scimitar.  Similar in males and in females.
+Image:Oryx Gazella Namibia horns.JPG|'''Oryx:''' Narrow, and straight except in the scimitar oryx, where they curve backwards like a scimitar. Similar in males and in females.
 Image:Aepyceros melampus petersi horns.jpg|'''Impala:''' Males have lyre-shaped horns which can reach up to 90 centimeters in length.
 Image:Kobus_ellipsiprymnus_horns.jpg|'''Waterbuck:''' The long spiral structured horns, found only in males, sweep back and up.
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 Image:Addax horns.jpg|'''Addax:''' Found on both males and females, the horns have two twists and can reach 80 centimeters in females and 120 centimeters in males.
 Image:Common Duiker1 horns.jpg|'''Common duiker:''' The male bears horns which can grow to 4.25 inches (11 cm) long.
-Image:Dik-dik horns.jpg|'''Dik-dik:''' The males have horns, which are small (about 3 in or 7.5 cm), slanted backwards.  The females do not have horns.
+Image:Dik-dik horns.jpg|'''Dik-dik:''' The males have horns, which are small (about 3 in or 7.5 cm), slanted backwards. The females do not have horns.
 Image:Klipspringer horns.jpg|'''Klipspringer:''' Only the males have horns that are usually about 20-25cm (4-6 inches) long.
 Image:Kob_horns.jpg|'''Kob:''' The short ringed horns, found only in males, are around 50 centimetres in length and arch out slightly so that they are somewhat 'S' shaped in profile.
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 [[Image:Dama dama8.JPG|thumb|Male fallow deer with antlers]]
-Though there are no native deer in South Africa, the Europeans imported the fallow deer during colonial times.  Deer have antlers rather than horns.  While an antler is growing it is covered with highly vascular skin called velvet, which supplies oxygen and nutrients to the growing bone; once the antler has achieved its proper size, the velvet is lost and the antler's bone dies. This dead bone structure is the mature antler. Antlers shed after each mating season.  Horns are not shed, but are permanent fixtures on the animal's head.  Rather than a velvet covering, horns are covered with keratin (the same thing fingernails are made of).
+Though there are no native deer in South Africa, the Europeans imported the fallow deer during colonial times. Deer have antlers rather than horns. While an antler is growing it is covered with highly vascular skin called velvet, which supplies oxygen and nutrients to the growing bone; once the antler has achieved its proper size, the velvet is lost and the antler's bone dies. This dead bone structure is the mature antler. Antlers shed after each mating season. Horns are not shed, but are permanent fixtures on the animal's head. Rather than a velvet covering, horns are covered with keratin (the same thing fingernails are made of).
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 <!--T:30-->
-Of course, domestic bovids are plentiful in North America, as they include goats, sheep, and cattle.  Though none of the animals we have listed in this requirement so far are antelopes, keep in mind that there is no scientific distinction between antelopes and other bovids.  Basically, if a bovid is not an ox, goat, or sheep, then it is considered an antelope.
+Of course, domestic bovids are plentiful in North America, as they include goats, sheep, and cattle. Though none of the animals we have listed in this requirement so far are antelopes, keep in mind that there is no scientific distinction between antelopes and other bovids. Basically, if a bovid is not an ox, goat, or sheep, then it is considered an antelope.
 <!--T:31-->
-For those outside Africa trying to earn this honor, it might be appropriate to ignore this distinction (it is, after all, quite arbitrary and unscientific).  Even with the expanded definition, those living in the NAD are still left with a major problem - the wild North American bovids are relatively rare, and pretty much limited to the West.  Some of them are quite elusive.  Spotting all of them in the wild would be quite a feat indeed.  Spotting 20 antelopes in captivity can be easily accomplished by visiting a large zoo (or by visiting multiple, smaller zoos).
+For those outside Africa trying to earn this honor, it might be appropriate to ignore this distinction (it is, after all, quite arbitrary and unscientific). Even with the expanded definition, those living in the NAD are still left with a major problem - the wild North American bovids are relatively rare, and pretty much limited to the West. Some of them are quite elusive. Spotting all of them in the wild would be quite a feat indeed. Spotting 20 antelopes in captivity can be easily accomplished by visiting a large zoo (or by visiting multiple, smaller zoos).
 <!--T:32-->
-A possible alternative for those living outside Africa is to study the antelopes prior to a zoo visit.  Then keep track of how many antelopes you can correctly identify by observing the animal (rather than the placard outside its enclosure).  As the instructor of this honor, if you cannot find a way to meet this requirement, you should substitute something else that would require an ''equivalent effort'' if you lived in Africa.  Please do not just waive the requirement.
+A possible alternative for those living outside Africa is to study the antelopes prior to a zoo visit. Then keep track of how many antelopes you can correctly identify by observing the animal (rather than the placard outside its enclosure). As the instructor of this honor, if you cannot find a way to meet this requirement, you should substitute something else that would require an ''equivalent effort'' if you lived in Africa. Please do not just waive the requirement.
 <!--T:33-->
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 <!--T:37-->
-;Sleeping Sickness: Sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease in people and animals, caused by protozoa of genus Trypanosoma and transmitted by the tsetse fly.  Bovids are susceptible to the disease, and serve as a reservoir for the parasite.  Even when the disease is eliminated from the human population, humans can be reinfected when the tsetse fly transfers the parasite from the bovids to people.
+;Sleeping Sickness: Sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease in people and animals, caused by protozoa of genus Trypanosoma and transmitted by the tsetse fly. Bovids are susceptible to the disease, and serve as a reservoir for the parasite. Even when the disease is eliminated from the human population, humans can be reinfected when the tsetse fly transfers the parasite from the bovids to people.
 <!--T:38-->
-;Bovine malignant catarrhal fever: Bovine malignant catarrhal fever (BMCF) is a disease caused by alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) of the family Herpesviridae. The disease is fatal in cattle and other ruminants such as deer, antelope, and buffalo.  In Africa, wildebeests carry AlHV-1 but are not affected by the disease. It is passed from mother to offspring and shed in the nasal secretions of wildebeest calves. Cattle are infected by contact with the secretions, but do not spread the disease to other cattle. Hartebeests and topi also may carry the disease.
+;Bovine malignant catarrhal fever: Bovine malignant catarrhal fever (BMCF) is a disease caused by alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) of the family Herpesviridae. The disease is fatal in cattle and other ruminants such as deer, antelope, and buffalo. In Africa, wildebeests carry AlHV-1 but are not affected by the disease. It is passed from mother to offspring and shed in the nasal secretions of wildebeest calves. Cattle are infected by contact with the secretions, but do not spread the disease to other cattle. Hartebeests and topi also may carry the disease.
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 <!-- 10. Know the game laws of your province. -->
-Remember that this honor is specific to the East Africa Division, so when this requirement asks you for the game laws of ''your'' province, it assumes an African province.  If you do not live in Africa, it should suffice to know the game laws of any African province where antelopes are common.
+Remember that this honor is specific to the East Africa Division, so when this requirement asks you for the game laws of ''your'' province, it assumes an African province. If you do not live in Africa, it should suffice to know the game laws of any African province where antelopes are common.
 <!--T:40-->
-In South Africa foreigners are not allowed to hunt except when they have hired a licensed professional hunter as a guide.  The client and the guide must enter into a written contract prior to the commencement of the hunt, and the professional hunter must be licensed in every territory where the hunt takes place.
+In South Africa foreigners are not allowed to hunt except when they have hired a licensed professional hunter as a guide. The client and the guide must enter into a written contract prior to the commencement of the hunt, and the professional hunter must be licensed in every territory where the hunt takes place.
 <!--T:41-->
-Hunting in South Africa is allowed year-round, but mostly it is done from June until August.  Foreigners may use a rifle provided by the guide, or they may bring their own.  If they opt to bring their own, they must declare it to customs when entering the country, and they must take it with them again when they leave.  The gun must be marked with a serial number, and the hunter must be able to prove that he owns the rifle.
+Hunting in South Africa is allowed year-round, but mostly it is done from June until August. Foreigners may use a rifle provided by the guide, or they may bring their own. If they opt to bring their own, they must declare it to customs when entering the country, and they must take it with them again when they leave. The gun must be marked with a serial number, and the hunter must be able to prove that he owns the rifle.
 <!--T:42-->

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AY Honors/Antelopes - Advanced/Answer Key - Revision history

W126jep at 23:15, 20 September 2021

W126jep at 12:37, 19 September 2021

W126jep at 17:42, 14 September 2021

W126jep at 17:41, 14 September 2021

W126jep at 17:41, 14 September 2021

W126jep at 10:06, 4 April 2021

W126jep: Marked this version for translation

W126jep at 09:59, 4 April 2021

W126jep at 09:54, 4 April 2021

Jomegat bot: Bot: Automated import of articles *** existing text overwritten ***

Jomegat bot: Bot: Automated import of articles * existing text overwritten *