Pathfinder Wiki - User contributions [en]

AY Honors/Christian Citizenship/Answer Key 9

2008-04-18T00:21:04Z

203.126.136.223: /* 1. Describe the national, state or provincial, AY, Pathfinder, and Christian flags. */

{{honor_header|1|1938|Outreach|General Conference}}

==1. Describe the national, state or provincial, AY, Pathfinder, and Christian flags.==

{| border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5"
|-
|[[Image:Flag of Malaysia.svg|thumb|300px|'''National Flag of Malaysia:''' The flag of Malaysia, also known as the Jalur Gemilang ("Stripes of Glory"), comprises a field of 14 alternating red and white stripes along the fly and a blue canton bearing a crescent and a 14-point star known as the Bintang Persekutuan or Federal Star. The 14 stripes, of equal width, represent the equal status in the federation of the 13 member states and the federal government, while the 14 points of the star represent the unity between these entities. The crescent represents Islam, the country's official religion; the yellow of the star and crescent is the royal colour of the Malay rulers; the blue canton symbolizes the unity of the Malaysian people. This blue canton was originally chosen to represent a connection between the federation and the Commonwealth but this was gradually downplayed and eventually supplanted by its current interpretation.]]
|[[Image:Pathfinderflag.jpg|thumb|300px|'''Pathfinder Flag:''' The Pathfinder flag is made from one of several materials, cotton bunting, rayon, or nylon. The flag is divided through the center both vertically and horizontally making four equal parts. The background colors are royal blue and white alternately sewed together with the upper left hand comer being royal blue. The Pathfinder emblem is centered in the heart of the background. The colors are descriptive of the purposes and ideals of Pathfindering. White means purity, blue = loyalty, red = shed blood of Christ, gold = faith and love, shield = faith, and sword = Holy Spirit.]]
|-
|[[Image:Ayflag.jpg|thumb|300px|'''AY Flag:''' The background is red and white, red symbolizing the blood of Christ and white representing purity. In the center, there is a logo that has AY which means Adventist Youth and it has three angels meaning the 3 angels message.]]
|[[Image:Christian_flag.svg|thumb|300px|'''Christian Flag:''' The "Christian Flag" is a white flag with a blue canton and a red cross in it. It was designed by Charles Overton in 1897 to represent Protestants of all denominations. The cross symbolizes the crucifixion of Christ.]]
|}

===Current state/provincial flags===

<gallery Caption="States of Malaysia Flags, Emblems & Song">
Image:Flag of Johor.svg|Sultanate of '''Johor''' (Johor Bahru) - The white crescent and star of five points denote royal sovereignty. The red represents a warrior and the blue represents the universe
Image:Flag of Kedah.svg|Sultanate of '''Kedah''' (Alor Star) - The state flag features a red crescent moon below a green shield and is enveloped by a yellow wreath against a red background. Red is the traditional colour of the state and also signifies prosperity while the crescent moon is symbolic of Islam. The shield symbolises the Sultan of the state as the protector and guardian of his subjects.
Image:Flag of Kelantan.svg|Sultanate of '''Kelantan''' (Kota Bharu) - The state flag features a white crest against a red background. The colour red symbolizes the loyalty of the Kelantanese people and white represents the sanctity of the Ruler.
Image:Flag of Pahang.svg|Sultanate of '''Pahang''' (Kuantan) - The white crescent and star of five points denote royal sovereignty. The red represents a warrior and the blue represents the universe
Image:Flag of Perak.svg|Sultanate of '''Perak''' (Ipoh) - The State Flag is divided into three equal horizontal stripes. The three colours represent the three branches of the royal family whereby the throne is shared in rotation. The white stripe symbolises the Sultan while the yellow stripe is that of the Raja Muda. The black stripe represents the Raja DiHilir.
Image:Flag of Selangor.svg|Sultanate of '''Selangor''' (Shah Alam) - The flag is divided into four equal-sized sections. The red sections denote the courage of the people of Selangor while the yellow sections are representative of the royal status of the head of state, the Sultan. The crescent moon and star on the upper left section are the symbols of Islam, the official religion of the state.
Image:Flag of Terengganu.svg|Sultanate of '''Terengganu''' (Kuala Terengganu) - The white background denotes the Ruler and the black field represents the people; the white surrounding the black signifies the protection of the Ruler over his subjects. The crescent and the star represent Islam, the State religion.
Image:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg|Elective Monarchy of '''Negeri Sembilan''' (Seremban) - The yellow field of the flag represents the State Ruler. The canton in the top left-hand corner has two colours which divide it diagonally. The colour red represents the rakyat (citizens); and black is the symbol of the four undangs (traditional chiefs).
Image:Flag of Perlis.svg|Kingdom of '''Perlis''' (Kangar) - The top half of the flag, which is yellow in colour, represents the royal status of the Ruler of Perlis. The bottom half of the flag, on the other hand, is blue and stands for the people of Perlis. The two colours lay close and in tangent with each other, reflecting the cordial and close relationship between the Ruler and his people.
Image:Flag of Malacca.svg|'''Melaka''' (Bandar Melaka) - The colours blue, yellow, red and white on the Melaka flag reflect the exact colours of the flag of Malaysia. This marks Melaka as a Malaysian state. The crescent moon and star are the symbols of Islam, the official religion of the state and country.
Image:Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg|'''Pulau Pinang''' (George Town) - The tricolour flag features vertical stripes of equal width with an areca nut tree on the white centre panel. Light blue represents the sea surrounding the island; white stands for its serenity and yellow signifies prosperity. Pulau Pinang (Penang Island) derives its name from the arecanut tree, called pokok pinang in Malay.
Image:Flag of Sabah.svg|'''Sabah''' (Kota Kinabalu) - The red stripe represents courage and the willingness to sacrifice for the state of Sabah. White is the colour of purity while dark blue is the colour of peace and prosperity. The light blue denotes Sabah's status as a young state. The silhouette of Mount Kinabalu is the symbol of the unity of the people.
Image:Flag of Sarawak.svg|'''Sarawak''' (Kuching) - Red symbolises the courage, confidence and sacrifices of the people in their efforts to achieve and maintain progress in the state. Yellow represents the supremacy of the law and the unity found amongst Sarawak's diverse races. Black denotes the abundant natural resources of Sarawak: petroleum and timber. The yellow nine-pointed star represents the nine divisions and the aspirations of the people to improve their quality of life.
</gallery>

<gallery Caption="Federal Territory of Malaysia">
Image:Flag of Putrajaya.png|Federal Territory of '''Putrajaya'''
Image:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg|Federal Territory of '''Kuala Lumpur''' - The Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory flag comprises 14 alternating white and red stripes divided equally by a field of dark blue. The stripes represent the 13 states and the Federal Territory in the Malaysian Federation. The crescent moon and star are the symbols of Islam, the official religion of the country; dark blue represents the ethnic diversity of Kuala Lumpur. The colour white signifies purity and cleanliness, while red stands for courage, and yellow is the colour of peace and prosperity.
Image:Image:Flag of Labuan.svg|Federal Territory of '''Labuan''' (Bandar Labuan)
</gallery>

==2. Know how to display the national flag with two other flags under the following situations: a. Camp out/camporee b. Fair c. Pathfinder Day program d. Parade==

==3. Demonstrate how to fold and salute your national flag. Mention when and how it should be displayed. ==
===Folding===

===Flag Protocol===

==4. Explain the meaning of and reason for the National Anthem, and recite the words from memory. ==

==5. Give the rights and responsibilities of a citizen of your country. ==

===Rights===

===Responsibilities===

==6. Have an interview with a local, regional, or national official of your country, and learn about his duties. ==
It is generally easier to get a local official to agree to an interview, though it is often more exciting to interview a more prominent person. The interview can be accomplished during a club meeting, and multiple Pathfinders can ask questions. Invite your guest well ahead of time, and make sure everyone in the club is on time. A visit by an official would be a very good reason to have everyone in the club wear their class A uniforms. If desired, you can make up several questions ahead of time, writing them on index cards, and distributing them to the members of your club. But do not be so rigid as to not allow them to ask spontaneous questions. Having questions prepared ahead of time on index cards are a good way to get things rolling. Here are some suggested questions:
* Could you describe a typical day at work?
* What is the most difficult part of your job?
* What is the most satisfying aspect of your job?
* To whom do you report?
* How did you get your position? Were you elected, appointed, or hired?
* How should a young person prepare for a life of public service?

==7. Write a one-page essay or give a two-minute oral report about a famous person in your country. Mention what he has done to gain his recognition. ==
This would be an excellent opportunity to present a worship during the opening exercises of a regular club meeting. Encourage your Pathfinder to choose a person they are personally interested in. If they cannot think of anyone themselves, have a list of suggested persons at hand and encourage them to choose from the list. Famous people might be historical figures, politicians, actors, sports stars, or anyone else. It would be preferable to choose a person who has been a positive influence on the country.

Although the requirement asks that you "mention what ''he'' has done to gain ''his'' recognition," this should not be interpreted as excluding women. Men are not the ''only'' famous people in a country.

==8. Do one of the following: ==
===a. Make a list of ten famous quotations from leaders of your country.===

===b. Make a list of ten famous historic places in your country. ===

===c. Make a list of ten famous historic events in your country.===

==9. Describe what you can do as a citizen to help your church and country. ==
The best way to help either your church or your country is by ''getting involved''. Edmund Burke, an English philosopher summed this up when he said ''"The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing."''

In your church, this means that you will show up for services on a regular basis. It also means you will support it with your tithes and offering, show up for business meetings, and not wait to be asked before you volunteer your services. If you see something that needs done, ''do it.'' If you do not have the skill to do it, or you think that you need permission first, talk to your pastor, an elder, deacon, or deaconess. Find your ministry!

For your country, it is much the same. Show up for public meetings, stay informed about the issues of the day, vote if you are eligible, and pay your taxes fairly and promptly.

==10. Go through the steps of an individual acquiring citizenship in the country and learn how this is done. ==

==11. Know how to explain the process of government in your country. ==

==12. Explain the meaning of this statement Jesus made in Matthew 22:21: "Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's. ==
This verse teaches that governmental authority is to be respected, as long as it does not conflict with the moral obligations of being a Christian. Government serves a holy purpose; preserving social order, promoting the well-being of its citizens, and protecting their safety. If you believe that this does not apply today because you see the government as corrupt, you are urged to research the Roman government of the first century A.D. when these words were spoken by Jesus. Was Herod corrupt? Was Pilate just?

==13. Explain why laws are established in your country. ==

==References==

[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]

AY Honors/Christian Citizenship/Answer Key 9

2008-04-18T00:17:51Z

203.126.136.223: /* 1. Describe the national, state or provincial, AY, Pathfinder, and Christian flags. */

{{honor_header|1|1938|Outreach|General Conference}}

==1. Describe the national, state or provincial, AY, Pathfinder, and Christian flags.==

{| border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5"
|-
|[[Image:Flag of Malaysia.svg|thumb|300px|'''National Flag of Malaysia:''' The flag of Malaysia, also known as the Jalur Gemilang ("Stripes of Glory"), comprises a field of 14 alternating red and white stripes along the fly and a blue canton bearing a crescent and a 14-point star known as the Bintang Persekutuan or Federal Star. The 14 stripes, of equal width, represent the equal status in the federation of the 13 member states and the federal government, while the 14 points of the star represent the unity between these entities. The crescent represents Islam, the country's official religion; the yellow of the star and crescent is the royal colour of the Malay rulers; the blue canton symbolizes the unity of the Malaysian people. This blue canton was originally chosen to represent a connection between the federation and the Commonwealth but this was gradually downplayed and eventually supplanted by its current interpretation.]]
|[[Image:Pathfinderflag.jpg|thumb|300px|'''Pathfinder Flag:''' The Pathfinder flag is made from one of several materials, cotton bunting, rayon, or nylon. The flag is divided through the center both vertically and horizontally making four equal parts. The background colors are royal blue and white alternately sewed together with the upper left hand comer being royal blue. The Pathfinder emblem is centered in the heart of the background. The colors are descriptive of the purposes and ideals of Pathfindering. White means purity, blue = loyalty, red = shed blood of Christ, gold = faith and love, shield = faith, and sword = Holy Spirit.]]
|-
|[[Image:Ayflag.jpg|thumb|300px|'''AY Flag:''' The background is red and white, red symbolizing the blood of Christ and white representing purity. In the center, there is a logo that has AY which means Adventist Youth and it has three angels meaning the 3 angels message.]]
|[[Image:Christian_flag.svg|thumb|300px|'''Christian Flag:''' The "Christian Flag" is a white flag with a blue canton and a red cross in it. It was designed by Charles Overton in 1897 to represent Protestants of all denominations. The cross symbolizes the crucifixion of Christ.]]
|}

===Current state/provincial flags===

<gallery Caption="States of Malaysia">
Image:Flag of Johor.svg|Sultanate of '''Johor''' (Johor Bahru) - The white crescent and star of five points denote royal sovereignty. The red represents a warrior and the blue represents the universe
Image:Flag of Kedah.svg|Sultanate of '''Kedah''' (Alor Star) - The state flag features a red crescent moon below a green shield and is enveloped by a yellow wreath against a red background. Red is the traditional colour of the state and also signifies prosperity while the crescent moon is symbolic of Islam. The shield symbolises the Sultan of the state as the protector and guardian of his subjects.
Image:Flag of Kelantan.svg|Sultanate of '''Kelantan''' (Kota Bharu) - The state flag features a white crest against a red background. The colour red symbolizes the loyalty of the Kelantanese people and white represents the sanctity of the Ruler.
Image:Flag of Pahang.svg|Sultanate of '''Pahang''' (Kuantan) - The white crescent and star of five points denote royal sovereignty. The red represents a warrior and the blue represents the universe
Image:Flag of Perak.svg|Sultanate of '''Perak''' (Ipoh) - The State Flag is divided into three equal horizontal stripes. The three colours represent the three branches of the royal family whereby the throne is shared in rotation. The white stripe symbolises the Sultan while the yellow stripe is that of the Raja Muda. The black stripe represents the Raja DiHilir.
Image:Flag of Selangor.svg|Sultanate of '''Selangor''' (Shah Alam) - The flag is divided into four equal-sized sections. The red sections denote the courage of the people of Selangor while the yellow sections are representative of the royal status of the head of state, the Sultan. The crescent moon and star on the upper left section are the symbols of Islam, the official religion of the state.
Image:Flag of Terengganu.svg|Sultanate of '''Terengganu''' (Kuala Terengganu) - The white background denotes the Ruler and the black field represents the people; the white surrounding the black signifies the protection of the Ruler over his subjects. The crescent and the star represent Islam, the State religion.
Image:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg|Elective Monarchy of '''Negeri Sembilan''' (Seremban) - The yellow field of the flag represents the State Ruler. The canton in the top left-hand corner has two colours which divide it diagonally. The colour red represents the rakyat (citizens); and black is the symbol of the four undangs (traditional chiefs).
Image:Flag of Perlis.svg|Kingdom of '''Perlis''' (Kangar) - The top half of the flag, which is yellow in colour, represents the royal status of the Ruler of Perlis. The bottom half of the flag, on the other hand, is blue and stands for the people of Perlis. The two colours lay close and in tangent with each other, reflecting the cordial and close relationship between the Ruler and his people.
Image:Flag of Malacca.svg|'''Melaka''' (Bandar Melaka) - The colours blue, yellow, red and white on the Melaka flag reflect the exact colours of the flag of Malaysia. This marks Melaka as a Malaysian state. The crescent moon and star are the symbols of Islam, the official religion of the state and country.
Image:Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg|'''Pulau Pinang''' (George Town) - The tricolour flag features vertical stripes of equal width with an areca nut tree on the white centre panel. Light blue represents the sea surrounding the island; white stands for its serenity and yellow signifies prosperity. Pulau Pinang (Penang Island) derives its name from the arecanut tree, called pokok pinang in Malay.
Image:Flag of Sabah.svg|'''Sabah''' (Kota Kinabalu) - The red stripe represents courage and the willingness to sacrifice for the state of Sabah. White is the colour of purity while dark blue is the colour of peace and prosperity. The light blue denotes Sabah's status as a young state. The silhouette of Mount Kinabalu is the symbol of the unity of the people.
Image:Flag of Sarawak.svg|'''Sarawak''' (Kuching) - Red symbolises the courage, confidence and sacrifices of the people in their efforts to achieve and maintain progress in the state. Yellow represents the supremacy of the law and the unity found amongst Sarawak's diverse races. Black denotes the abundant natural resources of Sarawak: petroleum and timber. The yellow nine-pointed star represents the nine divisions and the aspirations of the people to improve their quality of life.
</gallery>

<gallery Caption="Federal Territory of Malaysia">
Image:Flag of Putrajaya.png|Federal Territory of '''Putrajaya'''
Image:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg|Federal Territory of '''Kuala Lumpur''' - The Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory flag comprises 14 alternating white and red stripes divided equally by a field of dark blue. The stripes represent the 13 states and the Federal Territory in the Malaysian Federation. The crescent moon and star are the symbols of Islam, the official religion of the country; dark blue represents the ethnic diversity of Kuala Lumpur. The colour white signifies purity and cleanliness, while red stands for courage, and yellow is the colour of peace and prosperity.
Image:Image:Flag of Labuan.svg|Federal Territory of '''Labuan''' (Bandar Labuan)
</gallery>

==2. Know how to display the national flag with two other flags under the following situations: a. Camp out/camporee b. Fair c. Pathfinder Day program d. Parade==

==3. Demonstrate how to fold and salute your national flag. Mention when and how it should be displayed. ==
===Folding===

===Flag Protocol===

==4. Explain the meaning of and reason for the National Anthem, and recite the words from memory. ==

==5. Give the rights and responsibilities of a citizen of your country. ==

===Rights===

===Responsibilities===

==6. Have an interview with a local, regional, or national official of your country, and learn about his duties. ==
It is generally easier to get a local official to agree to an interview, though it is often more exciting to interview a more prominent person. The interview can be accomplished during a club meeting, and multiple Pathfinders can ask questions. Invite your guest well ahead of time, and make sure everyone in the club is on time. A visit by an official would be a very good reason to have everyone in the club wear their class A uniforms. If desired, you can make up several questions ahead of time, writing them on index cards, and distributing them to the members of your club. But do not be so rigid as to not allow them to ask spontaneous questions. Having questions prepared ahead of time on index cards are a good way to get things rolling. Here are some suggested questions:
* Could you describe a typical day at work?
* What is the most difficult part of your job?
* What is the most satisfying aspect of your job?
* To whom do you report?
* How did you get your position? Were you elected, appointed, or hired?
* How should a young person prepare for a life of public service?

==7. Write a one-page essay or give a two-minute oral report about a famous person in your country. Mention what he has done to gain his recognition. ==
This would be an excellent opportunity to present a worship during the opening exercises of a regular club meeting. Encourage your Pathfinder to choose a person they are personally interested in. If they cannot think of anyone themselves, have a list of suggested persons at hand and encourage them to choose from the list. Famous people might be historical figures, politicians, actors, sports stars, or anyone else. It would be preferable to choose a person who has been a positive influence on the country.

Although the requirement asks that you "mention what ''he'' has done to gain ''his'' recognition," this should not be interpreted as excluding women. Men are not the ''only'' famous people in a country.

==8. Do one of the following: ==
===a. Make a list of ten famous quotations from leaders of your country.===

===b. Make a list of ten famous historic places in your country. ===

===c. Make a list of ten famous historic events in your country.===

==9. Describe what you can do as a citizen to help your church and country. ==
The best way to help either your church or your country is by ''getting involved''. Edmund Burke, an English philosopher summed this up when he said ''"The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing."''

In your church, this means that you will show up for services on a regular basis. It also means you will support it with your tithes and offering, show up for business meetings, and not wait to be asked before you volunteer your services. If you see something that needs done, ''do it.'' If you do not have the skill to do it, or you think that you need permission first, talk to your pastor, an elder, deacon, or deaconess. Find your ministry!

For your country, it is much the same. Show up for public meetings, stay informed about the issues of the day, vote if you are eligible, and pay your taxes fairly and promptly.

==10. Go through the steps of an individual acquiring citizenship in the country and learn how this is done. ==

==11. Know how to explain the process of government in your country. ==

==12. Explain the meaning of this statement Jesus made in Matthew 22:21: "Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's. ==
This verse teaches that governmental authority is to be respected, as long as it does not conflict with the moral obligations of being a Christian. Government serves a holy purpose; preserving social order, promoting the well-being of its citizens, and protecting their safety. If you believe that this does not apply today because you see the government as corrupt, you are urged to research the Roman government of the first century A.D. when these words were spoken by Jesus. Was Herod corrupt? Was Pilate just?

==13. Explain why laws are established in your country. ==

==References==

[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]

AY Honors/Christian Citizenship/Answer Key 9

2008-04-18T00:16:05Z

203.126.136.223: /* 1. Describe the national, state or provincial, AY, Pathfinder, and Christian flags. */

{{honor_header|1|1938|Outreach|General Conference}}

==1. Describe the national, state or provincial, AY, Pathfinder, and Christian flags.==

{| border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5"
|-
|[[Image:Flag of Malaysia.svg|thumb|300px|'''National Flag of Malaysia:''' The flag of Malaysia, also known as the Jalur Gemilang ("Stripes of Glory"), comprises a field of 14 alternating red and white stripes along the fly and a blue canton bearing a crescent and a 14-point star known as the Bintang Persekutuan or Federal Star. The 14 stripes, of equal width, represent the equal status in the federation of the 13 member states and the federal government, while the 14 points of the star represent the unity between these entities. The crescent represents Islam, the country's official religion; the yellow of the star and crescent is the royal colour of the Malay rulers; the blue canton symbolizes the unity of the Malaysian people. This blue canton was originally chosen to represent a connection between the federation and the Commonwealth but this was gradually downplayed and eventually supplanted by its current interpretation.]]
|[[Image:Pathfinderflag.jpg|thumb|300px|'''Pathfinder Flag:''' The Pathfinder flag is made from one of several materials, cotton bunting, rayon, or nylon. The flag is divided through the center both vertically and horizontally making four equal parts. The background colors are royal blue and white alternately sewed together with the upper left hand comer being royal blue. The Pathfinder emblem is centered in the heart of the background. The colors are descriptive of the purposes and ideals of Pathfindering. White means purity, blue = loyalty, red = shed blood of Christ, gold = faith and love, shield = faith, and sword = Holy Spirit.]]
|-
|[[Image:Ayflag.jpg|thumb|300px|'''AY Flag:''' The background is red and white, red symbolizing the blood of Christ and white representing purity. In the center, there is a logo that has AY which means Adventist Youth and it has three angels meaning the 3 angels message.]]
|[[Image:Christian_flag.svg|thumb|300px|'''Christian Flag:''' The "Christian Flag" is a white flag with a blue canton and a red cross in it. It was designed by Charles Overton in 1897 to represent Protestants of all denominations. The cross symbolizes the crucifixion of Christ.]]
|}

===Current state/provincial flags===

<gallery Caption="States of Malaysia">
Image:Flag of Johor.svg|Sultanate of '''Johor''' (Johor Bahru) - The white crescent and star of five points denote royal sovereignty. The red represents a warrior and the blue represents the universe
Image:Flag of Kedah.svg|Sultanate of '''Kedah''' (Alor Star) - The state flag features a red crescent moon below a green shield and is enveloped by a yellow wreath against a red background. Red is the traditional colour of the state and also signifies prosperity while the crescent moon is symbolic of Islam. The shield symbolises the Sultan of the state as the protector and guardian of his subjects.
Image:Flag of Kelantan.svg|Sultanate of '''Kelantan''' (Kota Bharu)
Image:Flag of Pahang.svg|Sultanate of '''Pahang''' (Kuantan)
Image:Flag of Perak.svg|Sultanate of '''Perak''' (Ipoh) - The State Flag is divided into three equal horizontal stripes. The three colours represent the three branches of the royal family whereby the throne is shared in rotation. The white stripe symbolises the Sultan while the yellow stripe is that of the Raja Muda. The black stripe represents the Raja DiHilir.
Image:Flag of Selangor.svg|Sultanate of '''Selangor''' (Shah Alam) - The flag is divided into four equal-sized sections. The red sections denote the courage of the people of Selangor while the yellow sections are representative of the royal status of the head of state, the Sultan. The crescent moon and star on the upper left section are the symbols of Islam, the official religion of the state.
Image:Flag of Terengganu.svg|Sultanate of '''Terengganu''' (Kuala Terengganu)
Image:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg|Elective Monarchy of '''Negeri Sembilan''' (Seremban) - The yellow field of the flag represents the State Ruler. The canton in the top left-hand corner has two colours which divide it diagonally. The colour red represents the rakyat (citizens); and black is the symbol of the four undangs (traditional chiefs).
Image:Flag of Perlis.svg|Kingdom of '''Perlis''' (Kangar) - The top half of the flag, which is yellow in colour, represents the royal status of the Ruler of Perlis. The bottom half of the flag, on the other hand, is blue and stands for the people of Perlis. The two colours lay close and in tangent with each other, reflecting the cordial and close relationship between the Ruler and his people.
Image:Flag of Malacca.svg|'''Melaka''' (Bandar Melaka) - The colours blue, yellow, red and white on the Melaka flag reflect the exact colours of the flag of Malaysia. This marks Melaka as a Malaysian state. The crescent moon and star are the symbols of Islam, the official religion of the state and country.
Image:Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg|'''Pulau Pinang''' (George Town) - The tricolour flag features vertical stripes of equal width with an areca nut tree on the white centre panel. Light blue represents the sea surrounding the island; white stands for its serenity and yellow signifies prosperity. Pulau Pinang (Penang Island) derives its name from the arecanut tree, called pokok pinang in Malay.
Image:Flag of Sabah.svg|'''Sabah''' (Kota Kinabalu)
Image:Flag of Sarawak.svg|'''Sarawak''' (Kuching)
</gallery>

<gallery Caption="Federal Territory of Malaysia">
Image:Flag of Putrajaya.png|Federal Territory of '''Putrajaya'''
Image:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg|Federal Territory of '''Kuala Lumpur''' - The Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory flag comprises 14 alternating white and red stripes divided equally by a field of dark blue. The stripes represent the 13 states and the Federal Territory in the Malaysian Federation. The crescent moon and star are the symbols of Islam, the official religion of the country; dark blue represents the ethnic diversity of Kuala Lumpur. The colour white signifies purity and cleanliness, while red stands for courage, and yellow is the colour of peace and prosperity.
Image:Image:Flag of Labuan.svg|Federal Territory of '''Labuan''' (Bandar Labuan)
</gallery>

==2. Know how to display the national flag with two other flags under the following situations: a. Camp out/camporee b. Fair c. Pathfinder Day program d. Parade==

==3. Demonstrate how to fold and salute your national flag. Mention when and how it should be displayed. ==
===Folding===

===Flag Protocol===

==4. Explain the meaning of and reason for the National Anthem, and recite the words from memory. ==

==5. Give the rights and responsibilities of a citizen of your country. ==

===Rights===

===Responsibilities===

==6. Have an interview with a local, regional, or national official of your country, and learn about his duties. ==
It is generally easier to get a local official to agree to an interview, though it is often more exciting to interview a more prominent person. The interview can be accomplished during a club meeting, and multiple Pathfinders can ask questions. Invite your guest well ahead of time, and make sure everyone in the club is on time. A visit by an official would be a very good reason to have everyone in the club wear their class A uniforms. If desired, you can make up several questions ahead of time, writing them on index cards, and distributing them to the members of your club. But do not be so rigid as to not allow them to ask spontaneous questions. Having questions prepared ahead of time on index cards are a good way to get things rolling. Here are some suggested questions:
* Could you describe a typical day at work?
* What is the most difficult part of your job?
* What is the most satisfying aspect of your job?
* To whom do you report?
* How did you get your position? Were you elected, appointed, or hired?
* How should a young person prepare for a life of public service?

==7. Write a one-page essay or give a two-minute oral report about a famous person in your country. Mention what he has done to gain his recognition. ==
This would be an excellent opportunity to present a worship during the opening exercises of a regular club meeting. Encourage your Pathfinder to choose a person they are personally interested in. If they cannot think of anyone themselves, have a list of suggested persons at hand and encourage them to choose from the list. Famous people might be historical figures, politicians, actors, sports stars, or anyone else. It would be preferable to choose a person who has been a positive influence on the country.

Although the requirement asks that you "mention what ''he'' has done to gain ''his'' recognition," this should not be interpreted as excluding women. Men are not the ''only'' famous people in a country.

==8. Do one of the following: ==
===a. Make a list of ten famous quotations from leaders of your country.===

===b. Make a list of ten famous historic places in your country. ===

===c. Make a list of ten famous historic events in your country.===

==9. Describe what you can do as a citizen to help your church and country. ==
The best way to help either your church or your country is by ''getting involved''. Edmund Burke, an English philosopher summed this up when he said ''"The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing."''

In your church, this means that you will show up for services on a regular basis. It also means you will support it with your tithes and offering, show up for business meetings, and not wait to be asked before you volunteer your services. If you see something that needs done, ''do it.'' If you do not have the skill to do it, or you think that you need permission first, talk to your pastor, an elder, deacon, or deaconess. Find your ministry!

For your country, it is much the same. Show up for public meetings, stay informed about the issues of the day, vote if you are eligible, and pay your taxes fairly and promptly.

==10. Go through the steps of an individual acquiring citizenship in the country and learn how this is done. ==

==11. Know how to explain the process of government in your country. ==

==12. Explain the meaning of this statement Jesus made in Matthew 22:21: "Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's. ==
This verse teaches that governmental authority is to be respected, as long as it does not conflict with the moral obligations of being a Christian. Government serves a holy purpose; preserving social order, promoting the well-being of its citizens, and protecting their safety. If you believe that this does not apply today because you see the government as corrupt, you are urged to research the Roman government of the first century A.D. when these words were spoken by Jesus. Was Herod corrupt? Was Pilate just?

==13. Explain why laws are established in your country. ==

==References==

[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]

AY Honors/Christian Citizenship/Answer Key 9

2008-04-18T00:13:03Z

203.126.136.223: /* 1. Describe the national, state or provincial, AY, Pathfinder, and Christian flags. */

{{honor_header|1|1938|Outreach|General Conference}}

==1. Describe the national, state or provincial, AY, Pathfinder, and Christian flags.==

{| border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5"
|-
|[[Image:Flag of Malaysia.svg|thumb|300px|'''National Flag of Malaysia:''' The flag of Malaysia, also known as the Jalur Gemilang ("Stripes of Glory"), comprises a field of 14 alternating red and white stripes along the fly and a blue canton bearing a crescent and a 14-point star known as the Bintang Persekutuan or Federal Star. The 14 stripes, of equal width, represent the equal status in the federation of the 13 member states and the federal government, while the 14 points of the star represent the unity between these entities. The crescent represents Islam, the country's official religion; the yellow of the star and crescent is the royal colour of the Malay rulers; the blue canton symbolizes the unity of the Malaysian people. This blue canton was originally chosen to represent a connection between the federation and the Commonwealth but this was gradually downplayed and eventually supplanted by its current interpretation.]]
|[[Image:Pathfinderflag.jpg|thumb|300px|'''Pathfinder Flag:''' The Pathfinder flag is made from one of several materials, cotton bunting, rayon, or nylon. The flag is divided through the center both vertically and horizontally making four equal parts. The background colors are royal blue and white alternately sewed together with the upper left hand comer being royal blue. The Pathfinder emblem is centered in the heart of the background. The colors are descriptive of the purposes and ideals of Pathfindering. White means purity, blue = loyalty, red = shed blood of Christ, gold = faith and love, shield = faith, and sword = Holy Spirit.]]
|-
|[[Image:Ayflag.jpg|thumb|300px|'''AY Flag:''' The background is red and white, red symbolizing the blood of Christ and white representing purity. In the center, there is a logo that has AY which means Adventist Youth and it has three angels meaning the 3 angels message.]]
|[[Image:Christian_flag.svg|thumb|300px|'''Christian Flag:''' The "Christian Flag" is a white flag with a blue canton and a red cross in it. It was designed by Charles Overton in 1897 to represent Protestants of all denominations. The cross symbolizes the crucifixion of Christ.]]
|}

===Current state/provincial flags===

<gallery Caption="States of Malaysia">
Image:Flag of Johor.svg|Sultanate of '''Johor''' (Johor Bahru)
Image:Flag of Kedah.svg|Sultanate of '''Kedah''' (Alor Star) - The state flag features a red crescent moon below a green shield and is enveloped by a yellow wreath against a red background. Red is the traditional colour of the state and also signifies prosperity while the crescent moon is symbolic of Islam. The shield symbolises the Sultan of the state as the protector and guardian of his subjects.
Image:Flag of Kelantan.svg|Sultanate of '''Kelantan''' (Kota Bharu)
Image:Flag of Pahang.svg|Sultanate of '''Pahang''' (Kuantan)
Image:Flag of Perak.svg|Sultanate of '''Perak''' (Ipoh) - The State Flag is divided into three equal horizontal stripes. The three colours represent the three branches of the royal family whereby the throne is shared in rotation. The white stripe symbolises the Sultan while the yellow stripe is that of the Raja Muda. The black stripe represents the Raja DiHilir.
Image:Flag of Selangor.svg|Sultanate of '''Selangor''' (Shah Alam)
Image:Flag of Terengganu.svg|Sultanate of '''Terengganu''' (Kuala Terengganu)
Image:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg|Elective Monarchy of '''Negeri Sembilan''' (Seremban)
Image:Flag of Perlis.svg|Kingdom of '''Perlis''' (Kangar) - The top half of the flag, which is yellow in colour, represents the royal status of the Ruler of Perlis. The bottom half of the flag, on the other hand, is blue and stands for the people of Perlis. The two colours lay close and in tangent with each other, reflecting the cordial and close relationship between the Ruler and his people.
Image:Flag of Malacca.svg|Melaka''' (Bandar Melaka)
Image:Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg|'''Pulau Pinang''' (George Town) - The tricolour flag features vertical stripes of equal width with an areca nut tree on the white centre panel. Light blue represents the sea surrounding the island; white stands for its serenity and yellow signifies prosperity. Pulau Pinang (Penang Island) derives its name from the arecanut tree, called pokok pinang in Malay.
Image:Flag of Sabah.svg|'''Sabah''' (Kota Kinabalu)
Image:Flag of Sarawak.svg|'''Sarawak''' (Kuching)
</gallery>

<gallery Caption="Federal Territory of Malaysia">
Image:Flag of Putrajaya.png|Federal Territory of '''Putrajaya'''
Image:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg|Federal Territory of '''Kuala Lumpur'''
Image:Image:Flag of Labuan.svg|Federal Territory of '''Labuan''' (Bandar Labuan)
</gallery>

==2. Know how to display the national flag with two other flags under the following situations: a. Camp out/camporee b. Fair c. Pathfinder Day program d. Parade==

==3. Demonstrate how to fold and salute your national flag. Mention when and how it should be displayed. ==
===Folding===

===Flag Protocol===

==4. Explain the meaning of and reason for the National Anthem, and recite the words from memory. ==

==5. Give the rights and responsibilities of a citizen of your country. ==

===Rights===

===Responsibilities===

==6. Have an interview with a local, regional, or national official of your country, and learn about his duties. ==
It is generally easier to get a local official to agree to an interview, though it is often more exciting to interview a more prominent person. The interview can be accomplished during a club meeting, and multiple Pathfinders can ask questions. Invite your guest well ahead of time, and make sure everyone in the club is on time. A visit by an official would be a very good reason to have everyone in the club wear their class A uniforms. If desired, you can make up several questions ahead of time, writing them on index cards, and distributing them to the members of your club. But do not be so rigid as to not allow them to ask spontaneous questions. Having questions prepared ahead of time on index cards are a good way to get things rolling. Here are some suggested questions:
* Could you describe a typical day at work?
* What is the most difficult part of your job?
* What is the most satisfying aspect of your job?
* To whom do you report?
* How did you get your position? Were you elected, appointed, or hired?
* How should a young person prepare for a life of public service?

==7. Write a one-page essay or give a two-minute oral report about a famous person in your country. Mention what he has done to gain his recognition. ==
This would be an excellent opportunity to present a worship during the opening exercises of a regular club meeting. Encourage your Pathfinder to choose a person they are personally interested in. If they cannot think of anyone themselves, have a list of suggested persons at hand and encourage them to choose from the list. Famous people might be historical figures, politicians, actors, sports stars, or anyone else. It would be preferable to choose a person who has been a positive influence on the country.

Although the requirement asks that you "mention what ''he'' has done to gain ''his'' recognition," this should not be interpreted as excluding women. Men are not the ''only'' famous people in a country.

==8. Do one of the following: ==
===a. Make a list of ten famous quotations from leaders of your country.===

===b. Make a list of ten famous historic places in your country. ===

===c. Make a list of ten famous historic events in your country.===

==9. Describe what you can do as a citizen to help your church and country. ==
The best way to help either your church or your country is by ''getting involved''. Edmund Burke, an English philosopher summed this up when he said ''"The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing."''

In your church, this means that you will show up for services on a regular basis. It also means you will support it with your tithes and offering, show up for business meetings, and not wait to be asked before you volunteer your services. If you see something that needs done, ''do it.'' If you do not have the skill to do it, or you think that you need permission first, talk to your pastor, an elder, deacon, or deaconess. Find your ministry!

For your country, it is much the same. Show up for public meetings, stay informed about the issues of the day, vote if you are eligible, and pay your taxes fairly and promptly.

==10. Go through the steps of an individual acquiring citizenship in the country and learn how this is done. ==

==11. Know how to explain the process of government in your country. ==

==12. Explain the meaning of this statement Jesus made in Matthew 22:21: "Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's. ==
This verse teaches that governmental authority is to be respected, as long as it does not conflict with the moral obligations of being a Christian. Government serves a holy purpose; preserving social order, promoting the well-being of its citizens, and protecting their safety. If you believe that this does not apply today because you see the government as corrupt, you are urged to research the Roman government of the first century A.D. when these words were spoken by Jesus. Was Herod corrupt? Was Pilate just?

==13. Explain why laws are established in your country. ==

==References==

[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]

AY Honors/Stars/Answer Key 2

2008-04-17T23:47:57Z

203.126.136.223: /* 12. Discuss the statement made by Ellen G. White in Early Writings, page 41, concerning the opening in Orion. */

{{honor_header|1|1928|Nature|General Conference}}
{{AY Master|Naturalist}}
==1. Answer the following questions:==
===a. What is the earth's nearest celestial neighbor? What is its distance from the earth?===
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Stars/Nearest neighbor}}

===b. What governs the tides?===
The tides are governed by the Moon, and to a lesser extent, by the Sun.

===c. What causes an eclipse?===
An eclipse is caused when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are in a direct line with one another. When the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon, we see a lunar eclipse, which is the Earth's shadow falling on the moon. When the Moon is between the Sun and the Earth, we see a solar eclipse, which is when the Moon's shadow falls on the Earth (blocking the Sun).

===d. What is a shooting star?===
A shooting star is not a star at all, but rather a meteor. A meteor is any celestial body (usually quite small) that falls to the Earth. Most burn up in the atmosphere before reaching the surface, leaving a bright, short-lived streak in the sky.

==2. Make a diagram showing relative positions and movements of the earth, sun, and moon. Show positions and area events for eclipses of the sun and moon.==
'''One may demonstrate by using an orange, walnut, and marble, or similar objects, to show positions and movements of the earth, sun, and moon when there is an eclipse of the sun and when there is an eclipse of the moon.'''
==3. Make a diagram of our solar system and be able to name the planets in order from the sun.==
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Stars/Planets}}

==4. How fast does light travel? How far does light travel in a year?==

Light travels at 186,000 miles per second (not miles per hour), which is 300 million meters per second. In one year, light will travel 5.88 trillion miles (9.4 quadrillion km). This distance is also called a light-year.

==5. What is the difference between planets and fixed stars? Identify in the sky eight fixed stars.==
The word ''planet'' means ''wanderer'' because the planets appear to wander about the sky relative to the stars. The stars do not move in relation to one another (although they all appear to move together because of the Earth's rotation on its axis).

Which eight stars you choose to teach your Pathfinders to identify will depend on the season (spring, summer, winter, or fall), although some stars are visible year-round.

===Stars visible in the Northern Hemisphere===
====Polaris====
[[Image:Finding_polaris.png|thumb|400px|right|Finding Polaris]]
Polaris is one of the most useful stars for a person in the Northern Hemisphere to be able to identify, as it can tell you two things: which way is north, and what is your latitude (if your latitude is 38°, Polaris will be 38° above the horizon).
 
====Capella====
[[Image:Finding_capella.png|thumb|400px|right|Finding Capella]]
Capella can be found by following the line made by the two stars in the Big Dipper's handle and extending it across the Dipper's bowl.
 
====Arcturus====
[[image:Finding arcturus.png|thumb|right|400px|Position of Arcturus]]
Arcturus is the brightest star in the constellation Boötes, and the third brightest star in the night sky. Arcturus can be found in the summer by following the arc made by handle of the Big Dipper (away from the dipper's bowl).
 

==6. What is a constellation? Name and point out six. Name two constellations visible throughout the year.==
A constellation is any one of the 88 areas into which the sky - or the celestial sphere - is divided. The term is also often used less formally to denote a group of stars visibly related to each other in a particular configuration or pattern.

;Ursa Major: Ursa Major is better known as the Big Dipper. It appears in the north and is fairly easy to identify. It is illustrated in a previous requirement.

;Ursa Minor: Ursa Minor is better known as the Little Dipper. Use the instructions given previously for finding Polaris, which is the end of the Little Dipper's handle. Unfortunately, the stars that make up Ursa Minor are relatively dim, making this one a bit more difficult to find.

;Cassiopeia: Cassiopiea is illustrated in the next requirement and is generally visible (at some time during the night) all year round. It is on the opposite side of Polaris from the Big Dipper.

;Boötes: Instructions for finding Arcturus, and thus the constellation Boötes are given in a previous requirement.

[[Image:Summer_triangle.png|thumb|400px|The Summer Triangle, including, Deneb (in Cygnus), Vega (in Lyra), and Altair (in Aquila)]]
 
;Cygnus, Altair, and Lyra: These are easily identified summer constellations. The brightest stars in each of these three make up the Summer Triangle. Once the stars are found, it is easy to find the constellations they are part of. Vega is the brightest star in the Summer Triangle, and it is a member of the constellation Lyra. Cygnus is also known as the Northern Cross. The triangle is completed by Altair which is a member of the constellation Aquila.

[[Image:Wintersky.jpg]]
 
The Winter Circle is made up of several bright stars visible in the Northern hemisphere's winter. The easiest constellation to find in the Winter Circle is Orion. Following Orion's belt will lead to Sirius, the brightest star in the sky and a member of Canis Major (the "big dog"). Canis Minor (the "little dog") is clockwise from Sirius. Continuing clockwise, we come to Gemini, Auriga, and Taurus.

The constellations that are visible throughout the year are the ones near the celestial poles:
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Stars/Constellations_visible_all_night}}

==7. For the Northern Hemisphere: draw a chart of the Big Dipper, Cassiopeia, and the North Star. For the Southern Hemisphere: draw a chart of the Southern Cross, Orion and Scorpio.==
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Stars/Big Dipper, Cassiopeia, and the North Star}}

{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Stars/Southern Cross, Orion and Scorpio}}

==8. What is the Milky Way? Observe the Milky Way in the night sky.==
A large gathering of stars and bodies making up one of many galaxies. The portion visible in the night sky of Earth is only a single dimensional or flat view of the galaxy as our solar system is part of the same galaxy we have lack for a broader perspective.

==9. What is the morning star and evening star? Why does it carry both names? Observe the morning and evening star in the sky.==

This is not a star at all but the Planet Venus and draws in part its modern status as the Morning Star and Evening Star from mythology. Venus never appears on the opposite horizon from the sun due to its relative location to the sun and Earth. Mercury too fits this profile but is rarely actually visible.

==10. Explain zenith and nadir.==
Zenith is the point in space directly overhead. If you extend a line from the zenith to the point on Earth upon which you are standing, and continue that line through the Earth and out the other side, it would point to the nadir. In other words, the line connecting the zenith and nadir passes through the point on Earth where you're standing and also passes through the center of the Earth and out the other side.

==11. What is the aurora borealis? What causes it?==
An Aurora is a beautiful natural phenomenon that often occurs in the polar regions of Earth.

The immediate causes of aurora are precipitating energetic particles. These particles are electrons and protons that are energized in the near geospace environment. This energization process draws its energy from the interaction of the Earth's magnetosphere with the solar wind.

==12. Discuss the statement made by Ellen G. White in Early Writings, page 41, concerning the opening in Orion.==
:''“December 16, 1848, the Lord gave me a view of the shaking of the powers of the heavens. I saw that when the Lord said "heaven," in giving the signs recorded by Matthew, Mark, and Luke, He meant heaven, and when He said "earth" He meant earth. The powers of heaven are the sun, moon, and stars. They rule in the heavens. The powers of earth are those that rule on the earth. The powers of heaven will be shaken at the voice of God. Then the sun, moon, and stars will be moved out of their places. They will not pass away, but be shaken by the voice of God.''

:''Dark, heavy clouds came up and clashed against each other. The atmosphere parted and rolled back; then we could look up through the open space in Orion, whence came the voice of God. The Holy City will come down through that open space. I saw that the powers of earth are now being shaken and that events come in order. War, and rumors of war, sword, famine, and pestilence are first to shake the powers of earth, then the voice of God will shake the sun, moon, and stars, and this earth also. I saw that the shaking of the powers in Europe is not, as some teach, the shaking of the powers of heaven, but it is the shaking of the angry nations.” – Passages from Ellen G. White Early writings, page 41''

The above statement clearly mentions the events that would occur during Christ’s second coming to this earth. The passage also mentions that God’s voice would be heard through the open space in the Orion and also the “New Jerusalem” would descend from that open space. It is in agreement with the Holy Bible in Revelation 3:12 “Him that overcometh will make a pillar in the temple of my God, and he shall go no more out: and I will write upon him the name of my God, '''and the name of the city of my God, which is New Jerusalem, which cometh down out of heaven from my God''': and I will write upon him my new name.”

The same is also mentioned in the book of Revelation, chapter 21:2 & 3 '''“And I John saw the holy city, New Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. And I heard a great voice out of heaven''' saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and He will dwell with them, and they shall be His people, and God Himself shall be with them, and be their God.”

The passage also mentions on many things that would happen at the end of time whereby it affects nature terribly and also war between world countries with no more peace and safe place for humans.

~Posted by Daniel Victor~

==References==
International Astronomer's Union [http://www.iau.org]

==Notes==
On August 24, 2006 the International Astronomers Union, a non-governmental entity, reclassified Pluto giving it the status of Dwarf Planet. This new classification is based on their updated definition of what a planet is. One reason for the change is because the new definition requires that a planet "dominate" its orbit. Pluto's orbit crosses and is dominated by Neptune. Furthermore, scientists are discovering that the region of Pluto's orbit, which is known as the Kuiper Belt, is similar to the asteroid belt. There are many Pluto-like objects in that region, including one name Eris which is larger than Pluto. This means Pluto is more like an asteroid than it is like a planet.

[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]

[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Completed Honors|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]

AY Honors/Stars/Answer Key 2

2008-04-17T23:47:34Z

203.126.136.223: /* 12. Discuss the statement made by Ellen G. White in Early Writings, page 41, concerning the opening in Orion. */

{{honor_header|1|1928|Nature|General Conference}}
{{AY Master|Naturalist}}
==1. Answer the following questions:==
===a. What is the earth's nearest celestial neighbor? What is its distance from the earth?===
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Stars/Nearest neighbor}}

===b. What governs the tides?===
The tides are governed by the Moon, and to a lesser extent, by the Sun.

===c. What causes an eclipse?===
An eclipse is caused when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are in a direct line with one another. When the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon, we see a lunar eclipse, which is the Earth's shadow falling on the moon. When the Moon is between the Sun and the Earth, we see a solar eclipse, which is when the Moon's shadow falls on the Earth (blocking the Sun).

===d. What is a shooting star?===
A shooting star is not a star at all, but rather a meteor. A meteor is any celestial body (usually quite small) that falls to the Earth. Most burn up in the atmosphere before reaching the surface, leaving a bright, short-lived streak in the sky.

==2. Make a diagram showing relative positions and movements of the earth, sun, and moon. Show positions and area events for eclipses of the sun and moon.==
'''One may demonstrate by using an orange, walnut, and marble, or similar objects, to show positions and movements of the earth, sun, and moon when there is an eclipse of the sun and when there is an eclipse of the moon.'''
==3. Make a diagram of our solar system and be able to name the planets in order from the sun.==
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Stars/Planets}}

==4. How fast does light travel? How far does light travel in a year?==

Light travels at 186,000 miles per second (not miles per hour), which is 300 million meters per second. In one year, light will travel 5.88 trillion miles (9.4 quadrillion km). This distance is also called a light-year.

==5. What is the difference between planets and fixed stars? Identify in the sky eight fixed stars.==
The word ''planet'' means ''wanderer'' because the planets appear to wander about the sky relative to the stars. The stars do not move in relation to one another (although they all appear to move together because of the Earth's rotation on its axis).

Which eight stars you choose to teach your Pathfinders to identify will depend on the season (spring, summer, winter, or fall), although some stars are visible year-round.

===Stars visible in the Northern Hemisphere===
====Polaris====
[[Image:Finding_polaris.png|thumb|400px|right|Finding Polaris]]
Polaris is one of the most useful stars for a person in the Northern Hemisphere to be able to identify, as it can tell you two things: which way is north, and what is your latitude (if your latitude is 38°, Polaris will be 38° above the horizon).
 
====Capella====
[[Image:Finding_capella.png|thumb|400px|right|Finding Capella]]
Capella can be found by following the line made by the two stars in the Big Dipper's handle and extending it across the Dipper's bowl.
 
====Arcturus====
[[image:Finding arcturus.png|thumb|right|400px|Position of Arcturus]]
Arcturus is the brightest star in the constellation Boötes, and the third brightest star in the night sky. Arcturus can be found in the summer by following the arc made by handle of the Big Dipper (away from the dipper's bowl).
 

==6. What is a constellation? Name and point out six. Name two constellations visible throughout the year.==
A constellation is any one of the 88 areas into which the sky - or the celestial sphere - is divided. The term is also often used less formally to denote a group of stars visibly related to each other in a particular configuration or pattern.

;Ursa Major: Ursa Major is better known as the Big Dipper. It appears in the north and is fairly easy to identify. It is illustrated in a previous requirement.

;Ursa Minor: Ursa Minor is better known as the Little Dipper. Use the instructions given previously for finding Polaris, which is the end of the Little Dipper's handle. Unfortunately, the stars that make up Ursa Minor are relatively dim, making this one a bit more difficult to find.

;Cassiopeia: Cassiopiea is illustrated in the next requirement and is generally visible (at some time during the night) all year round. It is on the opposite side of Polaris from the Big Dipper.

;Boötes: Instructions for finding Arcturus, and thus the constellation Boötes are given in a previous requirement.

[[Image:Summer_triangle.png|thumb|400px|The Summer Triangle, including, Deneb (in Cygnus), Vega (in Lyra), and Altair (in Aquila)]]
 
;Cygnus, Altair, and Lyra: These are easily identified summer constellations. The brightest stars in each of these three make up the Summer Triangle. Once the stars are found, it is easy to find the constellations they are part of. Vega is the brightest star in the Summer Triangle, and it is a member of the constellation Lyra. Cygnus is also known as the Northern Cross. The triangle is completed by Altair which is a member of the constellation Aquila.

[[Image:Wintersky.jpg]]
 
The Winter Circle is made up of several bright stars visible in the Northern hemisphere's winter. The easiest constellation to find in the Winter Circle is Orion. Following Orion's belt will lead to Sirius, the brightest star in the sky and a member of Canis Major (the "big dog"). Canis Minor (the "little dog") is clockwise from Sirius. Continuing clockwise, we come to Gemini, Auriga, and Taurus.

The constellations that are visible throughout the year are the ones near the celestial poles:
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Stars/Constellations_visible_all_night}}

==7. For the Northern Hemisphere: draw a chart of the Big Dipper, Cassiopeia, and the North Star. For the Southern Hemisphere: draw a chart of the Southern Cross, Orion and Scorpio.==
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Stars/Big Dipper, Cassiopeia, and the North Star}}

{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Stars/Southern Cross, Orion and Scorpio}}

==8. What is the Milky Way? Observe the Milky Way in the night sky.==
A large gathering of stars and bodies making up one of many galaxies. The portion visible in the night sky of Earth is only a single dimensional or flat view of the galaxy as our solar system is part of the same galaxy we have lack for a broader perspective.

==9. What is the morning star and evening star? Why does it carry both names? Observe the morning and evening star in the sky.==

This is not a star at all but the Planet Venus and draws in part its modern status as the Morning Star and Evening Star from mythology. Venus never appears on the opposite horizon from the sun due to its relative location to the sun and Earth. Mercury too fits this profile but is rarely actually visible.

==10. Explain zenith and nadir.==
Zenith is the point in space directly overhead. If you extend a line from the zenith to the point on Earth upon which you are standing, and continue that line through the Earth and out the other side, it would point to the nadir. In other words, the line connecting the zenith and nadir passes through the point on Earth where you're standing and also passes through the center of the Earth and out the other side.

==11. What is the aurora borealis? What causes it?==
An Aurora is a beautiful natural phenomenon that often occurs in the polar regions of Earth.

The immediate causes of aurora are precipitating energetic particles. These particles are electrons and protons that are energized in the near geospace environment. This energization process draws its energy from the interaction of the Earth's magnetosphere with the solar wind.

==12. Discuss the statement made by Ellen G. White in Early Writings, page 41, concerning the opening in Orion.==
:''“December 16, 1848, the Lord gave me a view of the shaking of the powers of the heavens. I saw that when the Lord said "heaven," in giving the signs recorded by Matthew, Mark, and Luke, He meant heaven, and when He said "earth" He meant earth. The powers of heaven are the sun, moon, and stars. They rule in the heavens. The powers of earth are those that rule on the earth. The powers of heaven will be shaken at the voice of God. Then the sun, moon, and stars will be moved out of their places. They will not pass away, but be shaken by the voice of God.''

:''Dark, heavy clouds came up and clashed against each other. The atmosphere parted and rolled back; then we could look up through the open space in Orion, whence came the voice of God. The Holy City will come down through that open space. I saw that the powers of earth are now being shaken and that events come in order. War, and rumors of war, sword, famine, and pestilence are first to shake the powers of earth, then the voice of God will shake the sun, moon, and stars, and this earth also. I saw that the shaking of the powers in Europe is not, as some teach, the shaking of the powers of heaven, but it is the shaking of the angry nations.” – Passages from Ellen G. White Early writings, page 41''

The above statement clearly mentions the events that would occur during Christ’s second coming to this earth. The passage also mentions that God’s voice would be heard through the open space in the Orion and also the “New Jerusalem” would descend from that open space. It is in agreement with the Holy Bible in Revelation 3:12 “Him that overcometh will make a pillar in the temple of my God, and he shall go no more out: and I will write upon him the name of my God, '''and the name of the city of my God, which is New Jerusalem, which cometh down out of heaven from my God''': and I will write upon him my new name.”

The same is also mentioned in the book of Revelation, chapter 21:2 & 3 '''“And I John saw the holy city, New Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. And I heard a great voice out of heaven''' saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and He will dwell with them, and they shall be His people, and God Himself shall be with them, and be their God.”

The passage also mentions on many things that would happen at the end of time whereby it affects nature terribly and also war between world countries with no more peace and safe place for humans.

Posted by Danny

==References==
International Astronomer's Union [http://www.iau.org]

==Notes==
On August 24, 2006 the International Astronomers Union, a non-governmental entity, reclassified Pluto giving it the status of Dwarf Planet. This new classification is based on their updated definition of what a planet is. One reason for the change is because the new definition requires that a planet "dominate" its orbit. Pluto's orbit crosses and is dominated by Neptune. Furthermore, scientists are discovering that the region of Pluto's orbit, which is known as the Kuiper Belt, is similar to the asteroid belt. There are many Pluto-like objects in that region, including one name Eris which is larger than Pluto. This means Pluto is more like an asteroid than it is like a planet.

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